党

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党 [2025/08/11 09:42] – created xiaoer党 [Unknown date] (current) – removed - external edit (Unknown date) 127.0.0.1
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-====== dǎng: 党 - (Political) Party, The Party ====== +
-===== Quick Summary ===== +
-  * **Keywords:** 党, dǎng, Chinese political party, Communist Party of China, CPC, 入党, joining the party, 党员, party member, Chinese politics, Chinese government, a党 +
-  * **Summary:** In modern China, the character **党 (dǎng)** almost always refers to the ruling Communist Party of China (CPC). While its literal meaning is "(political) party" or "faction," its immense political and social weight makes it a cornerstone of Chinese political vocabulary. Understanding **党** is essential for grasping how modern Chinese society is structured, as it represents not just a political entity, but the central force guiding the nation's government, economy, and social life. +
-===== Core Meaning ===== +
-  * **Pinyin (with tone marks):** dǎng +
-  * **Part of Speech:** Noun +
-  * **HSK Level:** HSK 5 +
-  * **Concise Definition:** A political party; used overwhelmingly to refer to the Communist Party of China. +
-  * **In a Nutshell:** Think of **党 (dǎng)** less as "a party" and more as "**The Party**." In the West, political parties are organizations that compete for power. In China, the **党** is the fundamental leadership structure that is fused with the state itself. The word carries a sense of authority, organization, and national direction. For ninety-nine percent of daily conversations in mainland China, if someone mentions "the Party" (党), they mean the Communist Party. +
-===== Character Breakdown ===== +
-  * **党 (dǎng):** This is a phono-semantic compound character. +
-    * The top part, **尚 (shàng)**, originally meant "to esteem" or "to value," but in this character, its primary function is to provide the phonetic sound. +
-    * The bottom part, **黑 (hēi)**, means "black." Historically, the combination suggested a "dark," secretive, or self-serving group or faction. +
-  * **Meaning Evolution:** While its ancient origins had a negative connotation of a clandestine clique, the character's meaning has been completely redefined by modern history. Today, in official contexts, **党 (dǎng)** has a formal and positive meaning, representing the legitimate leadership of the country. +
-===== Cultural Context and Significance ===== +
-  * **The Party-State System:** The most critical concept to understand is that the **党 (dǎng)** and the state (or government, [[政府]] zhèngfǔ) are deeply intertwined, a system often called a "party-state." Unlike in Western democracies where there is a clearer separation between a ruling party and the state's permanent institutions (like the civil service or military), in China, the Party leads and directs all of them. The Party sets the policy, and the government implements it. +
-  * **Comparison to Western "Party":** In the United States, being a "party member" (e.g., a registered Democrat or Republican) is often a loose affiliation that requires little more than checking a box on a form. In China, becoming a **党员 (dǎngyuán - Party member)** is a rigorous, multi-year process involving applications, interviews, ideological study, and probation. It is a significant commitment that impacts one's career and social standing. The role of the **党** is omnipresent, with **党支部 (dǎngzhībù - Party branches)** existing in nearly every state-owned enterprise, government office, university, and even many private companies. +
-  * **Related Values:** The concept of the **党** is tied to collectivist values. The Party's narrative emphasizes leading the collective (the Chinese people) toward a common goal of national rejuvenation and prosperity. This contrasts with Western individualistic values, where political parties are often seen as vehicles for representing diverse, competing individual or group interests. +
-===== Practical Usage in Modern China ===== +
-  * **Default Meaning:** When used alone, **党** refers to the Communist Party of China (CPC). You don't need to say the full name, [[共产党]] (Gòngchǎndǎng), in most contexts. +
-  * **In Political Slogans:** The word is extremely common in official slogans and media. For example, "跟党走" (gēn dǎng zǒu), which means "Follow the Party." +
-  * **Joining the Party:** The term **入党 (rùdǎng)**, literally "enter the Party," is a set phrase for the process of becoming a member of the CPC. It is a major life goal for many ambitious individuals in China. +
-  * **Formality:** The term is generally used in formal or neutral contexts when discussing politics, careers, or national affairs. It is less common in casual, everyday chatter unless the topic is specifically about these areas. +
-  * **Connotation:** In official state media and for its members, the connotation is one of respect, authority, and patriotism. +
-===== Example Sentences ===== +
-  * **Example 1:** +
-    * 他积极申请**入党**，希望能为国家做贡献。 +
-    * Pinyin: Tā jījí shēnqǐng **rùdǎng**, xīwàng néng wèi guójiā zuò gòngxiàn. +
-    * English: He is actively applying to join the Party, hoping to contribute to the country. +
-    * Analysis: This shows the common set phrase **入党 (rùdǎng)**, highlighting the aspiration and formal process of joining the CPC. +
-  * **Example 2:** +
-    * 我爷爷是一名有五十年**党**龄的老**党员**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Wǒ yéye shì yī míng yǒu wǔshí nián **dǎng**líng de lǎo **dǎngyuán**. +
-    * English: My grandfather is an old Party member with 50 years of Party standing. +
-    * Analysis: This introduces two related terms: **党员 (dǎngyuán)** (Party member) and **党龄 (dǎnglíng)** (length of time one has been in the Party), showing how central the identity is. +
-  * **Example 3:** +
-    * 我们必须遵循**党**的指示。 +
-    * Pinyin: Wǒmen bìxū zūnxún **dǎng** de zhǐshì. +
-    * English: We must follow the Party's instructions. +
-    * Analysis: A very common and formal sentence structure, demonstrating the authority associated with the **党**. +
-  * **Example 4:** +
-    * **党中央**决定实施一项新政策。 +
-    * Pinyin: **Dǎngzhōngyāng** juédìng shíshī yī xiàng xīn zhèngcè. +
-    * English: The Party Central Committee decided to implement a new policy. +
-    * Analysis: **党中央 (Dǎngzhōngyāng)** refers to the highest leadership body of the CPC. This shows how **党** is used to refer to specific organizational levels. +
-  * **Example 5:** +
-    * 每个公司都有一个**党支部**，负责组织活动。 +
-    * Pinyin: Měi ge gōngsī dōu yǒu yī gè **dǎngzhībù**, fùzé zǔzhī huódòng. +
-    * English: Every company has a Party branch responsible for organizing activities. +
-    * Analysis: This illustrates the grassroots presence of the Party in the workplace via the **党支部 (dǎngzhībù)**. +
-  * **Example 6:** +
-    * 美国的两大**党**是民主党和共和党。 +
-    * Pinyin: Měiguó de liǎng dà **dǎng** shì Mínzhǔdǎng hé Gònghédǎng. +
-    * English: The two major parties in the United States are the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. +
-    * Analysis: This is a crucial example. When talking about other countries' political parties, **党** is used as a general term, but the specific name is always included. +
-  * **Example 7:** +
-    * 作为一名**党员**，他感到非常自豪。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zuòwéi yī míng **dǎngyuán**, tā gǎndào fēicháng zìháo. +
-    * English: As a Party member, he feels very proud. +
-    * Analysis: This sentence reflects the sense of honor and identity associated with being a **党员 (dǎngyuán)**. +
-  * **Example 8:** +
-    * 这本书是关于中国共产**党**的历史。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhè běn shū shì guānyú Zhōngguó Gòngchǎn**dǎng** de lìshǐ. +
-    * English: This book is about the history of the Communist Party of China. +
-    * Analysis: Here, the full formal name **共产党 (Gòngchǎndǎng)** is used for clarity and formality, common in academic or historical contexts. +
-  * **Example 9:** +
-    * 听**党**的话，跟**党**走。 +
-    * Pinyin: Tīng **dǎng** de huà, gēn **dǎng** zǒu. +
-    * English: Listen to the Party's words, follow the Party. +
-    * Analysis: A classic political slogan that is widely known in China. It's a perfect example of the concise, powerful way **党** is used in propaganda. +
-  * **Example 10:** +
-    * 在中国，除了执政**党**，还有几个民主**党派**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zài Zhōngguó, chúle zhízhèng**dǎng**, hái yǒu jǐ ge mínzhǔ **dǎngpài**. +
-    * English: In China, besides the ruling Party, there are also several democratic parties. +
-    * Analysis: This introduces the term **党派 (dǎngpài)**, a more general word for "political parties," used here to refer to the other legally recognized (but non-ruling) parties in China. +
-===== Nuances and Common Mistakes ===== +
-  * **Mistake 1: Confusing it with a social party.** +
-    * A common beginner mistake is to use **党 (dǎng)** for a social gathering. This is incorrect. A social party or celebration is a **[[派对]] (pàiduì)** (a loanword from English "party") or a **[[聚会]] (jùhuì)**. +
-    * **Incorrect:** 我要去一个生日**党**。 (Wǒ yào qù yī gè shēngrì dǎng.) +
-    * **Correct:** 我要去一个生日**派对**。 (Wǒ yào qù yī gè shēngrì pàiduì.) +
-  * **Mistake 2: Assuming it's a generic term in Chinese contexts.** +
-    * While **党** *can* be a generic term for any political party (see Example 6), within a mainland China context, if you just say "the Party" (这个党 or a sentence with an implied "the Party"), you are referring to the CPC. Treating it as a neutral, generic term can cause misunderstanding, as it ignores the immense specific weight the word carries. +
-  * **Mistake 3: Underestimating the commitment of "joining the Party."** +
-    * Do not equate **入党 (rùdǎng)** with "registering to vote" or "joining a political party" in the West. It is a serious, lengthy, and life-altering commitment. Referring to it casually would be culturally inappropriate. +
-===== Related Terms and Concepts ===== +
-  * * [[共产党]] (Gòngchǎndǎng) - The full, formal name: The Communist Party. **党** is its common shorthand. +
-  * * [[党员]] (dǎngyuán) - A Party member. A core identity for over 90 million people in China. +
-  * * [[入党]] (rùdǎng) - The specific verb phrase for "to join the Party." +
-  * * [[政府]] (zhèngfǔ) - Government. The Party leads the government; they are not the same but are inextricably linked. +
-  * * [[政治]] (zhèngzhì) - Politics. The arena in which the Party operates. +
-  * * [[干部]] (gànbù) - Cadre; official; functionary. High-level cadres are almost always Party members. +
-  * * [[党派]] (dǎngpài) - A more general or plural term for "political parties" or "factions." +
-  * * [[党支部]] (dǎngzhībù) - Party branch. The smallest, most basic unit of Party organization, found in workplaces and communities. +
-  * * [[派对]] (pàiduì) - A party (social gathering). A critical "false friend" to distinguish from **党**. +
-  * * [[执政党]] (zhízhèngdǎng) - Ruling party. The CPC is China's **执政党**.+