功课

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功课 [2025/08/11 23:50] – created xiaoer功课 [Unknown date] (current) – removed - external edit (Unknown date) 127.0.0.1
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-====== gōngkè: 功课 - Homework, Schoolwork, Lesson, Task ====== +
-===== Quick Summary ===== +
-  * **Keywords:** gōngkè, gongke, 功课, Chinese for homework, schoolwork in Chinese, what does gōngkè mean, 功课 vs 作业, Chinese culture, Buddhist practice, life lesson +
-  * **Summary:** Discover the deep meaning of **功课 (gōngkè)**, a fundamental Chinese word that goes far beyond simple "homework." This guide explores how **gōngkè** represents not only school assignments but also the crucial cultural concepts of diligence, personal preparation, and even spiritual practice. Learn the difference between **功课 (gōngkè)** and **作业 (zuòyè)** and see how this term is used in everyday life, business, and philosophy to understand the Chinese emphasis on continuous learning and effort. +
-===== Core Meaning ===== +
-  * **Pinyin (with tone marks):** gōngkè +
-  * **Part of Speech:** Noun +
-  * **HSK Level:** HSK 3 +
-  * **Concise Definition:** Homework, schoolwork; a lesson or task that requires effort. +
-  * **In a Nutshell:** At its simplest, **功课 (gōngkè)** is the "homework" a student does after class. But its meaning runs deeper. It embodies the //process// of reinforcing a lesson through dedicated effort, whether that lesson is from a textbook, a life experience, or a spiritual text. It’s the "work" (功) you put into a "lesson" (课). +
-===== Character Breakdown ===== +
-  * **功 (gōng):** This character signifies effort, achievement, merit, or skill. Think of the famous word [[功夫]] (gōngfu), which is all about skill achieved through hard work and practice. **功** represents the diligent effort required. +
-  * **课 (kè):** This character means "lesson," "class," or "subject." You see it in words like [[上课]] (shàngkè - to attend class) and [[中文课]] (zhōngwén kè - Chinese class). **课** represents the subject matter to be learned. +
-  * Together, **功课 (gōngkè)** literally means "effort for the lesson." This beautifully captures the idea that it's not just an assignment, but the practice and reinforcement that makes learning stick. +
-===== Cultural Context and Significance ===== +
-In Chinese culture, education is often seen as the primary path to success and social mobility, and **功课 (gōngkè)** is the daily embodiment of this value. The amount and difficulty of homework are significantly greater than in many Western countries, reflecting a belief that relentless practice builds discipline, resilience, and knowledge. +
-A useful comparison is to the American concept of "due diligence." When an American says, "I need to do my homework before this meeting," they mean research and preparation. This metaphorical use is also common for **功课**. However, the Chinese term carries a heavier cultural weight. It implies a moral and personal responsibility to be thoroughly prepared, a deep-seated value of diligence (**努力 - nǔlì**). +
-Furthermore, **功课** has a unique spiritual dimension absent in the English word "homework." In Buddhism and Daoism, **功课** refers to a daily religious practice, such as chanting sutras, meditating, or reciting a mantra. It is the spiritual "work" one does to cultivate the "lesson" of enlightenment. This usage highlights the idea of **功课** as a disciplined, repetitive task done for self-improvement, whether academic or spiritual. +
-===== Practical Usage in Modern China ===== +
-**功课** is used in several distinct contexts, ranging from the classroom to the boardroom. +
-==== In School and Education (Most Common) ==== +
-This is the primary meaning. It refers to all the work a student is expected to do outside of class time, including assignments, reviewing notes, and studying for tests. +
-  * //"My son has too much homework every day."// (我儿子每天的功课太多了。) +
-==== As a Metaphor for Preparation ==== +
-In a professional or serious personal context, "做功课 (zuò gōngkè - to do one's homework)" means to research, prepare, and get fully informed before making a decision. +
-  * //"Before buying a house, you must do your homework and understand the market."// (买房以前，你一定要做好功课，了解市场行情。) +
-==== In a Spiritual or Philosophical Context ==== +
-This is a more specific usage, often referring to a daily routine of spiritual practice or a profound "life lesson." +
-  * //"The abbot's daily practice (功课) is to meditate for two hours."// (方丈每天的功课就是打坐两个小时。) +
-  * //"Learning to forgive him was a difficult lesson (功课) for me."// (学会原谅他，是我人生中一个很难的功课。) +
-===== Example Sentences ===== +
-  * **Example 1:** +
-    * 老师今天布置的**功课**有点儿多。 +
-    * Pinyin: Lǎoshī jīntiān bùzhì de **gōngkè** yǒudiǎnr duō. +
-    * English: The teacher assigned a bit too much **homework** today. +
-    * Analysis: A classic, everyday sentence used by students. `布置 (bùzhì)` is a common verb for "to assign" homework. +
-  * **Example 2:** +
-    * 你先把**功课**做完，然后再看电视。 +
-    * Pinyin: Nǐ xiān bǎ **gōngkè** zuò wán, ránhòu zài kàn diànshì. +
-    * English: You finish your **homework** first, then you can watch TV. +
-    * Analysis: A typical sentence from a parent to a child. The `先把...再... (xiān bǎ... zài...)` structure is very common for sequencing actions. +
-  * **Example 3:** +
-    * 在投资股票之前，他花了很多时间做**功课**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zài tóuzī gǔpiào zhīqián, tā huāle hěn duō shíjiān zuò **gōngkè**. +
-    * English: Before investing in stocks, he spent a lot of time doing his **homework** (research). +
-    * Analysis: This shows the metaphorical use of **功课** to mean "research" or "due diligence." `做功课 (zuò gōngkè)` is the set phrase. +
-  * **Example 4:** +
-    * 这次失败对我来说是一次深刻的**功课**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhè cì shībài duì wǒ lái shuō shì yí cì shēnkè de **gōngkè**. +
-    * English: This failure was a profound **lesson** for me. +
-    * Analysis: Here, **功课** means a "life lesson," something that taught you a lot, often through hardship. `深刻 (shēnkè)` means "deep" or "profound." +
-  * **Example 5:** +
-    * 每天早上念经是奶奶的**功课**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Měitiān zǎoshang niànjīng shì nǎinai de **gōngkè**. +
-    * English: Chanting sutras every morning is Grandma's daily **practice**. +
-    * Analysis: This demonstrates the religious meaning of **功课**, referring to a scheduled spiritual discipline. +
-  * **Example 6:** +
-    * 我的数学**功课**总是最难的。 +
-    * Pinyin: Wǒ de shùxué **gōngkè** zǒngshì zuì nán de. +
-    * English: My math **homework** is always the hardest. +
-    * Analysis: A simple sentence showing how to specify the subject of the homework. +
-  * **Example 7:** +
-    * 我们应该互相帮助，一起复习**功课**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Wǒmen yīnggāi hùxiāng bāngzhù, yìqǐ fùxí **gōngkè**. +
-    * English: We should help each other and review our **schoolwork** together. +
-    * Analysis: This usage shows **功课** as broader "schoolwork," including `复习 (fùxí)`, or reviewing. +
-  * **Example 8:** +
-    * 别担心，这个项目的**功课**我都做足了。 +
-    * Pinyin: Bié dānxīn, zhège xiàngmù de **gōngkè** wǒ dōu zuò zú le. +
-    * English: Don't worry, I've done all the necessary **prep work** for this project. +
-    * Analysis: `做足了 (zuò zú le)` means "done sufficiently" or "done thoroughly," a common and powerful collocation with **功课** in a business context. +
-  * **Example 9:** +
-    * 照顾孩子是一门需要耐心和智慧的**功课**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhàogù háizi shì yī mén xūyào nàixīn hé zhìhuì de **gōngkè**. +
-    * English: Taking care of a child is a **task/lesson** that requires patience and wisdom. +
-    * Analysis: A philosophical use of **功课**, framing a long-term responsibility as a lesson to be learned. `一门 (yī mén)` is a measure word for academic subjects, cleverly used here. +
-  * **Example 10:** +
-    * 如果你没做**功课**，上课就可能听不懂。 +
-    * Pinyin: Rúguǒ nǐ méi zuò **gōngkè**, shàngkè jiù kěnéng tīng bù dǒng. +
-    * English: If you don't do your **schoolwork** (pre-reading/review), you might not understand the class. +
-    * Analysis: This links the effort of **功课** directly to the result of understanding in class, reinforcing its core meaning. +
-===== Nuances and Common Mistakes ===== +
-The most common point of confusion for learners is the difference between **功课 (gōngkè)** and **作业 (zuòyè)**. +
-  * **功课 (gōngkè):** Broader concept. It's the overall "schoolwork," including reading, studying, reviewing, and the specific assignments. It emphasizes the //process// of learning and reinforcement. It also has metaphorical ("life lesson," "prep work") and spiritual meanings. +
-  * **作业 (zuòyè):** More specific. It almost always refers to a concrete, tangible assignment given by a teacher that must be completed and handed in (e.g., a worksheet, an essay, a set of math problems). It emphasizes the //product// of your work. +
-Think of it this way: Your teacher gives you **作业 (zuòyè)** as part of your overall **功课 (gōngkè)**. +
-  * **Correct:** 老师给了我们很多**作业**。(The teacher gave us a lot of assignments.) +
-  * **Correct:** 我今天的**功课**包括了复习和写一篇作文。(My homework today includes reviewing and writing one essay.) +
-  * **Slightly Awkward but Understandable:** 老师给了我们很多**功课**。 (This is often used, but **作业** is more precise for "assignments.") +
-  * **Incorrect:** 这次失败对我来说是一次深刻的**作业**。 (You cannot use **作业** for a life lesson; you must use **功课**.) +
-**False Friend Alert:** While "homework" is the best translation in a school context, remember that **功课 (gōngkè)** is much broader. Using "homework" when a Chinese speaker means "spiritual practice" or "due diligence" can lead to a complete misunderstanding of the situation's gravity and context. +
-===== Related Terms and Concepts ===== +
-  * [[作业]] (zuòyè) - The specific, physical assignment to be handed in. A component of **功课**. +
-  * [[学习]] (xuéxí) - The general act of studying or learning. You do **功课** to help your **学习**. +
-  * [[复习]] (fùxí) - To review. Reviewing past material is a common type of **功课**. +
-  * [[预习]] (yùxí) - To preview. Studying material before it's taught in class, also a form of **功课**. +
-  * [[上课]] (shàngkè) - To attend class. You typically receive **功课** after you **上课**. +
-  * [[任务]] (rènwù) - A task or mission. More general than **功课** and often used in a work or official context. +
-  * [[努力]] (nǔlì) - To make an effort; diligent. The attitude required to do **功课** well. +
-  * [[教育]] (jiàoyù) - Education. The entire system and philosophy in which **功课** plays a vital role. +
-  * [[准备]] (zhǔnbèi) - To prepare. "做功课" is a more vivid way to say "to prepare thoroughly."+