双减政策

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双减政策 [2025/08/13 20:21] – created xiaoer双减政策 [Unknown date] (current) – removed - external edit (Unknown date) 127.0.0.1
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-====== shuāngjiǎnzhèngcè: 双减政策 - "Double Reduction" Policy ====== +
-===== Quick Summary ===== +
-  * **Keywords:** 双减政策, shuangjian zhengce, double reduction policy, China education reform, tutoring ban, homework reduction, after-school tutoring, Chinese education system, 内卷 (nèijuǎn), 鸡娃 (jīwá), Gaokao. +
-  * **Summary:** The "Double Reduction" Policy (双减政策, shuāng jiǎn zhèng cè) is a sweeping 2021 Chinese government initiative designed to ease the immense academic pressure on students. It dramatically reduces the dual burdens of excessive homework and costly after-school private tutoring. This landmark education reform has fundamentally reshaped schooling, family life, and the multi-billion dollar tutoring industry in China, aiming to curb the hyper-competitive "involution" (内卷, nèijuǎn) and promote a more equitable, well-rounded education system. +
-===== Core Meaning ===== +
-  * **Pinyin (with tone marks):** shuāng jiǎn zhèng cè +
-  * **Part of Speech:** Noun Phrase +
-  * **HSK Level:** N/A +
-  * **Concise Definition:** A 2021 Chinese government policy that strictly limits homework and bans for-profit tutoring in core subjects for primary and middle school students. +
-  * **In a Nutshell:** Imagine a nationwide academic "arms race" where kids are buried in homework and almost every family pays for expensive after-school classes just to keep up. The "Double Reduction" policy is the government hitting the emergency brake. It aims to give kids their childhood back by "reducing" these two key sources of stress. It's a powerful, top-down attempt to fix social inequality and the high costs of child-rearing, fundamentally changing the landscape of education in China. +
-===== Character Breakdown ===== +
-  * **双 (shuāng):** Pair, two, double. It's easy to remember as it often refers to things that come in twos, like 双手 (shuāngshǒu) for a pair of hands. +
-  * **减 (jiǎn):** To reduce, decrease, or subtract. Think of it as taking something away to make it less. +
-  * **政 (zhèng):** Government, political affairs. This character is a key component in words related to governance. +
-  * **策 (cè):** Strategy, plan, policy. Originally referred to bamboo slips used for writing, which often contained plans or decrees. +
-These characters combine transparently: **双 (shuāng)** + **减 (jiǎn)** creates "double reduction," and **政 (zhèng)** + **策 (cè)** creates "policy." The term literally translates to "Double Reduction Policy." +
-===== Cultural Context and Significance ===== +
-The **双减政策 (shuāngjiǎnzhèngcè)** is not just a rule change; it's a direct response to deep-seated social anxieties in modern China. For decades, the education system has been characterized by extreme competition, a phenomenon known as **内卷 (nèijuǎn) - involution**. This describes a zero-sum game where everyone works harder and harder for diminishing returns, like an audience in a stadium where one person stands up to see better, forcing everyone else to stand up, until everyone is standing and no one has a better view. +
-This "involution" was fueled by the immense pressure of the **高考 (gāokǎo)**, the single, life-defining college entrance exam. The pressure trickled down to the youngest ages, creating a culture of **鸡娃 (jīwá) - "chicken babies"**, where parents "pump" their children full of extra lessons and tutoring from a young age, like feeding stimulants to a chicken to make it grow faster. +
-  * **Comparison with the West:** While Western cultures have "helicopter parents" and concerns about academic stress, the situation in China was systemic and on a different scale. In the West, private tutoring is often a supplement for struggling students or a boost for high-achievers. In China, it had become a parallel, near-mandatory education system. The **双减政策** is a drastic, top-down state intervention, unlike the more localized, individual approaches to educational reform in the West. It reflects a government prioritizing social stability, educational equity, and reducing the cost of raising children over the free-market education industry. +
-===== Practical Usage in Modern China ===== +
-The term **双减政策** is ubiquitous in daily life, news media, and policy discussions. +
-  * **In Conversation:** Parents frequently discuss the effects of the policy. Some celebrate the newfound free time for their children, while others express anxiety about how their kids will compete without extra lessons. "双减后，你家孩子在干嘛？" (After "Double Reduction," what is your kid up to?) is a common conversation starter among parents. +
-  * **On Social Media:** The term trends regularly on platforms like Weibo. People share memes about the collapse of tutoring giants, debate the policy's effectiveness, and share tips on finding alternative (and sometimes underground) educational resources. +
-  * **Connotation:** The term's connotation is highly dependent on who is speaking. +
-    * **Positive:** For many students and some parents, it's a welcome relief from a high-stress lifestyle. +
-    * **Negative/Anxious:** For other parents, it creates fear of falling behind. For millions who worked in the private tutoring industry, it meant job loss and financial ruin. +
-    * **Neutral:** In official government and news reports, it's presented as a necessary and positive reform for the nation's future. +
-===== Example Sentences ===== +
-  * **Example 1:** +
-    * **双减政策**实施后，孩子们的书包轻多了。 +
-    * Pinyin: **Shuāng jiǎn zhèngcè** shíshī hòu, háizimen de shūbāo qīng duō le. +
-    * English: After the "Double Reduction" policy was implemented, the children's schoolbags became much lighter. +
-    * Analysis: This is a simple, positive observation about one of the policy's direct goals: reducing the homework burden. +
-  * **Example 2:** +
-    * 虽然有**双减政策**，但家长们的教育焦虑似乎并没有减少。 +
-    * Pinyin: Suīrán yǒu **shuāng jiǎn zhèngcè**, dàn jiāzhǎngmen de jiàoyù jiāolǜ sìhū bìng méiyǒu jiǎnshǎo. +
-    * English: Although there is the "Double Reduction" policy, parents' educational anxiety doesn't seem to have decreased. +
-    * Analysis: This sentence reflects a common criticism or concern about the policy's effectiveness in truly easing parental pressure. +
-  * **Example 3:** +
-    * 很多补习班因为**双减政策**倒闭了。 +
-    * Pinyin: Hěn duō bǔxíbān yīnwèi **shuāng jiǎn zhèngcè** dǎobì le. +
-    * English: Many cram schools went bankrupt because of the "Double Reduction" policy. +
-    * Analysis: This highlights the massive economic impact of the policy on the private education sector. +
-  * **Example 4:** +
-    * **双减政策**的核心是回归教育的本质。 +
-    * Pinyin: **Shuāng jiǎn zhèngcè** de héxīn shì huíguī jiàoyù de běnzhì. +
-    * English: The core of the "Double Reduction" policy is to return to the essence of education. +
-    * Analysis: This sentence uses formal language, typical of a government official or academic, to state the policy's idealistic goal. +
-  * **Example 5:** +
-    * “双减”了，我们现在有更多时间发展兴趣爱好了。 +
-    * Pinyin: “Shuāng jiǎn” le, wǒmen xiànzài yǒu gèng duō shíjiān fāzhǎn xìngqù àihào le. +
-    * English: With "Double Reduction," we now have more time to develop our hobbies. +
-    * Analysis: A student's perspective. Note the common abbreviation to just “双减” (shuāng jiǎn) in informal speech. +
-  * **Example 6:** +
-    * 你觉得**双减政策**能真正解决教育内卷的问题吗？ +
-    * Pinyin: Nǐ juéde **shuāng jiǎn zhèngcè** néng zhēnzhèng jiějué jiàoyù nèijuǎn de wèntí ma? +
-    * English: Do you think the "Double Reduction" policy can truly solve the problem of educational involution? +
-    * Analysis: This is a typical question for a debate or deep discussion, linking the policy directly to the cultural phenomenon of `内卷 (nèijuǎn)`. +
-  * **Example 7:** +
-    * 新闻报道详细解读了最新的**双减政策**细则。 +
-    * Pinyin: Xīnwén bàodào xiángxì jiědúle zuìxīn de **shuāng jiǎn zhèngcè** xìzé. +
-    * English: The news report provided a detailed interpretation of the latest regulations for the "Double Reduction" policy. +
-    * Analysis: Shows how the term is used in a formal, informational context like the news. `细则 (xìzé)` means "detailed rules." +
-  * **Example 8:** +
-    * 自从**双减政策**出台，体育和艺术培训变得非常火爆。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zìcóng **shuāng jiǎn zhèngcè** chūtái, tǐyù hé yìshù péixùn biànde fēicháng huǒbào. +
-    * English: Ever since the "Double Reduction" policy was rolled out, sports and arts training have become extremely popular. +
-    * Analysis: This sentence points to the unintended consequence or market shift caused by the policy. `出台 (chūtái)` means "to be rolled out/publicly issued." +
-  * **Example 9:** +
-    * 一些家长正在偷偷地给孩子找一对一的家教，以规避**双减政策**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Yīxiē jiāzhǎng zhèngzài tōutōu de gěi háizi zhǎo yī duì yī de jiājiào, yǐ guībì **shuāng jiǎn zhèngcè**. +
-    * English: Some parents are secretly finding one-on-one tutors for their children to circumvent the "Double Reduction" policy. +
-    * Analysis: This reflects the reality of the "underground" market that emerged after the ban. `规避 (guībì)` means "to circumvent." +
-  * **Example 10:** +
-    * 学校现在提供免费的课后服务，这是**双减政策**的一部分。 +
-    * Pinyin: Xuéxiào xiànzài tígōng miǎnfèi de kèhòu fúwù, zhè shì **shuāng jiǎn zhèngcè** de yī bùfèn. +
-    * English: Schools now provide free after-school services; this is part of the "Double Reduction" policy. +
-    * Analysis: This shows the constructive side of the policy, where public schools are expected to fill the gap left by private tutors. +
-===== Nuances and Common Mistakes ===== +
-  * **Not Just "Less Homework":** A common mistake for learners is to think **双减** just means "less homework." While reducing homework is one half, the more dramatic and impactful half was the near-total shutdown of the for-profit, curriculum-based tutoring industry for K-9 students. +
-  * **Not a "Problem Solved":** Don't assume the policy eliminated academic pressure. It *transformed* it. The competition didn't vanish; it shifted. Parents now invest more heavily in "quality education" areas like art, music, coding, and sports, or seek out discreet, high-cost private tutors, potentially widening the gap between those who can and cannot afford these new options. +
-  * **"False Friend" - Not Just "Education Reform":** While it is a type of "education reform," that English phrase is too general. **双减政策** is hyper-specific. It refers to the 2021 policy targeting the "two burdens" of homework and tutoring. Using "education reform" would miss the drastic, targeted, and sudden nature of this specific policy. +
-===== Related Terms and Concepts ===== +
-  * [[内卷]] (nèijuǎn) - "Involution." The intense, unproductive internal competition that the **双减政策** aims to stop. +
-  * [[鸡娃]] (jīwá) - "Chicken baby." A colloquial term for a child being pushed relentlessly by their parents to excel academically. +
-  * [[减负]] (jiǎnfù) - "To reduce a burden." This is the core concept behind **双减**. **双减** is a specific type of **减负**. +
-  * [[补习班]] (bǔxíbān) - Cram school or tutoring center. These were the primary target of the policy's restrictions. +
-  * [[素质教育]] (sùzhì jiàoyù) - "Quality/holistic education." The official goal of the reform; an education system focusing on well-roundedness, creativity, and moral character, not just test scores. +
-  * [[应试教育]] (yìngshì jiàoyù) - Test-oriented education. The system that focuses everything on preparing for major exams like the **高考**; the system the **双减政策** seeks to change. +
-  * [[高考]] (gāokǎo) - The National College Entrance Examination. The high-stakes exam that is the root cause of much of the academic pressure in China. +
-  * [[教育公平]] (jiàoyù gōngpíng) - Educational equity. A key justification for the policy, arguing that the private tutoring market gave wealthy families an unfair advantage.+