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--- 吊销 [2025/08/12 14:02] – created xiaoer
+++ 吊销 [Unknown date] (current) – removed - external edit (Unknown date) 127.0.0.1
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-====== diàoxiāo: 吊销 - To Revoke, To Rescind, To Suspend (a license/permit) ======
-===== Quick Summary =====
-  * **Keywords:** 吊销, diaoxiao, revoke license in Chinese, rescind permit, what does diaoxiao mean, Chinese for suspend license, 吊销驾照, 吊销营业执照, revoke business license Chinese, cancel official document.
-  * **Summary:** The Chinese verb **吊销 (diàoxiāo)** means to **revoke** or **rescind** an official document, such as a license, permit, or certificate. It is a formal term used by an authority to permanently or for a long term nullify a privilege due to a serious violation. Understanding `diàoxiāo` is key to comprehending legal and administrative consequences in China, such as having a driver's license (**吊销驾照**) or a business license (**吊销营业执照**) revoked.
-===== Core Meaning =====
-  * **Pinyin (with tone marks):** diàoxiāo
-  * **Part of Speech:** Verb
-  * **HSK Level:** HSK 6
-  * **Concise Definition:** To officially revoke or rescind a previously issued permit, license, or certificate.
-  * **In a Nutshell:** Think of `吊销` as the ultimate "cancellation" by an official body. It's not a temporary timeout; it's when an authority (like the traffic bureau or a medical board) takes away your license or permit for a long time, or even for good, because you broke a major rule. It carries a heavy, serious, and official weight.
-===== Character Breakdown =====
-  * **吊 (diào):** The primary meaning is "to hang" or "to suspend." Imagine an object being hung up on a hook, taking it out of use and putting it away.
-  * **销 (xiāo):** This character means "to cancel," "to eliminate," or "to melt away." It implies making something disappear or become void.
-  * The two characters combine to create a powerful image: an authority "hangs up" (**吊**) a license and "eliminates" (**销**) its legal power. This vividly portrays the act of taking an official privilege out of circulation permanently.
-===== Cultural Context and Significance =====
-  * `吊销` is a powerful term that reflects the formal, regulatory role of the state in Chinese society. The ability for a government body to grant and, more importantly, to revoke privileges is a fundamental aspect of its authority. The word itself is unambiguous and final, leaving little room for negotiation.
-  * **Comparison to Western Concepts:** In English, we have "revoke," "rescind," and "suspend." `吊销` is a near-perfect match for **"revoke."** The key difference is often in the contrast with a temporary action. While an American might say their license was "suspended" for 90 days, this would be `暂扣 (zànkòu)` in Chinese. `吊销 (diàoxiāo)` implies a much more severe and long-term penalty, often requiring the person to re-apply for the license from scratch after a period of years, if they are even allowed to. The finality of `吊销` underscores a system where violations of official rules can have definitive and harsh consequences.
-===== Practical Usage in Modern China =====
-  * `吊销` is a formal, official term. You will encounter it in news reports, legal documents, and official announcements, but rarely in casual, everyday conversation unless discussing a serious legal matter.
-  * **Common Contexts:**
-    * **Traffic Law:** This is the most common context for learners. A driver's license (`驾照`) is revoked for severe offenses like drunk driving or a hit-and-run.
-    * **Business Regulation:** A company can have its business license (`营业执照`) revoked for illegal operations, major tax fraud, or public safety violations.
-    * **Professional Conduct:** A professional's license, such as a doctor's (`医师执照`) or lawyer's (`律师执照`), can be revoked for malpractice or severe ethical breaches.
-  * **Connotation:** The connotation is always **negative, serious, and formal.** It signifies that a significant transgression has occurred, leading to a severe penalty from an authoritative body.
-===== Example Sentences =====
-  * **Example 1:**
-    * 他因为酒后驾车，驾照被**吊销**了。
-    * Pinyin: Tā yīnwèi jiǔhòu jiàchē, jiàzhào bèi **diàoxiāo** le.
-    * English: His driver's license was revoked because he drove drunk.
-    * Analysis: A classic example using the passive voice (`被`) to show that the license was revoked by an authority.
-  * **Example 2:**
-    * 这家工厂由于严重污染环境，营业执照被**吊销**。
-    * Pinyin: Zhè jiā gōngchǎng yóuyú yánzhòng wūrǎn huánjìng, yíngyè zhízhào bèi **diàoxiāo**.
-    * English: This factory's business license was revoked due to serious environmental pollution.
-    * Analysis: Shows the usage of `吊销` in a business and regulatory context. `由于 (yóuyú)` means "due to."
-  * **Example 3:**
-    * 如果你肇事逃逸，交通部门会**吊销**你的驾照。
-    * Pinyin: Rúguǒ nǐ zhàoshì táoyì, jiāotōng bùmén huì **diàoxiāo** nǐ de jiàzhào.
-    * English: If you are involved in a hit-and-run, the traffic department will revoke your driver's license.
-    * Analysis: This sentence shows the cause-and-effect structure. The authority (`交通部门`) is the active agent revoking the license.
-  * **Example 4:**
-    * 他的医生执照因为医疗事故而被**吊销**了。
-    * Pinyin: Tā de yīshēng zhízhào yīnwèi yīliáo shìgù ér bèi **diàoxiāo** le.
-    * English: His medical license was revoked because of a medical malpractice incident.
-    * Analysis: Demonstrates that `吊销` can apply to various professional licenses (`执照`).
-  * **Example 5:**
-    * 驾照被**吊销**后，他至少两年内不能重新申请。
-    * Pinyin: Jiàzhào bèi **diàoxiāo** hòu, tā zhìshǎo liǎng nián nèi bùnéng chóngxīn shēnqǐng.
-    * English: After his driver's license was revoked, he cannot re-apply for at least two years.
-    * Analysis: This highlights the long-term consequences associated with `吊销`.
-  * **Example 6:**
-    * 任何欺诈行为都可能导致公司的经营许可证被**吊销**。
-    * Pinyin: Rènhé qīzhà xíngwéi dōu kěnéng dǎozhì gōngsī de jīngyíng xǔkězhèng bèi **diàoxiāo**.
-    * English: Any fraudulent activity could lead to the company's operating permit being revoked.
-    * Analysis: `导致 (dǎozhì)` means "to lead to" or "to result in," showing `吊销` as a potential outcome.
-  * **Example 7:**
-    * 根据新规定，多次违规的司机将被终身**吊销**驾照。
-    * Pinyin: Gēnjù xīn guīdìng, duōcì wéiguī de sījī jiāng bèi zhōngshēn **diàoxiāo** jiàzhào.
-    * English: According to the new regulations, drivers with multiple violations will have their licenses revoked for life.
-    * Analysis: The modifier `终身 (zhōngshēn)` means "lifelong," emphasizing the ultimate severity of `吊销`.
-  * **Example 8:**
-    * 他被指控伪造文件，律师执照也面临被**吊销**的风险。
-    * Pinyin: Tā bèi zhǐkòng wèizào wénjiàn, lǜshī zhízhào yě miànlín bèi **diàoxiāo** de fēngxiǎn.
-    * English: He was accused of forging documents, and his law license also faces the risk of being revoked.
-    * Analysis: Shows a situation where revocation is a possible future consequence (`面临...风险` - faces the risk of).
-  * **Example 9:**
-    * 别把**吊销**和暂扣搞混了，前者要严重得多。
-    * Pinyin: Bié bǎ **diàoxiāo** hé zànkòu gǎo hùn le, qiánzhě yào yánzhòng de duō.
-    * English: Don't confuse "revocation" with "temporary suspension"; the former is much more serious.
-    * Analysis: This sentence directly explains the nuance between `吊销` and `暂扣` (temporary suspension).
-  * **Example 10:**
-    * 政府有权**吊销**任何不符合安全标准的机构的认证。
-    * Pinyin: Zhèngfǔ yǒuquán **diàoxiāo** rènhé bù fúhé ānquán biāozhǔn de jīgòu de rènzhèng.
-    * English: The government has the authority to revoke the certification of any institution that does not meet safety standards.
-    * Analysis: This example highlights that `吊销` applies not just to licenses (`执照`) but also to certifications (`认证`) and that it is an exercise of authority (`有权`).
-===== Nuances and Common Mistakes =====
-  * **`吊销` (revoke) vs. `暂扣` (temporarily suspend):** This is the most critical distinction for a learner. `吊销` is long-term or permanent. `暂扣 (zànkòu)` is a temporary confiscation. If your license is taken away for a month, it's `被暂扣了`. If it's taken away for two years, it's `被吊销了`. Using `吊销` for a short-term suspension is incorrect.
-  * **`吊销` (revoke) vs. `注销` (deregister/cancel voluntarily):** `吊销` is a punishment from an authority. `注销 (zhùxiāo)` is usually a voluntary action. For example, when you close your business properly, you go to the authorities to `注销` your business license. If you commit fraud and the government shuts you down, your license is `被吊销`.
-  * **Formality:** `吊销` is exclusively for official/legal contexts. It is a serious, formal word.
-    * **Incorrect:** 我要**吊销**你的会员卡！(Wǒ yào **diàoxiāo** nǐ de huìyuánkǎ!) - "I'm going to revoke your membership card!"
-    * **Correct (more natural):** 我要**取消**你的会员资格。(Wǒ yào **qǔxiāo** nǐ de huìyuán zīgé.) - "I'm going to cancel your membership."
-===== Related Terms and Concepts =====
-  * [[执照]] (zhízhào) - License, permit. The type of document that is often the object of `吊销`.
-  * [[驾照]] (jiàzhào) - Driver's license. A very common word used with `吊销`.
-  * [[取消]] (qǔxiāo) - To cancel. A much broader and more general term. You can `取消` an order or a meeting. `吊销` is a specific, official type of `取消`.
-  * [[注销]] (zhùxiāo) - To deregister, to write off. This is typically a voluntary cancellation, whereas `吊销` is an involuntary, punitive action by an authority.
-  * [[撤销]] (chèxiāo) - To repeal, to retract. Similar to `吊销`, but often used for revoking decisions, appointments, or charges, sometimes implying the original action was mistaken.
-  * [[没收]] (mòshōu) - To confiscate. Refers to the seizure of physical property (e.g., illegal goods, a vehicle), while `吊销` refers to the nullification of a legal right or document.
-  * [[暂扣]] (zànkòu) - To temporarily detain/impound. The direct opposite of `吊销` in terms of duration; this is a short-term, temporary suspension.
-  * [[营业执照]] (yíngyè zhízhào) - Business license. Another common document that can be revoked.
-  * [[处分]] (chǔfèn) - Punishment, disciplinary action. `吊销` is a severe form of `处分`.
-  * [[违规]] (wéiguī) - To violate regulations. The reason or cause that often leads to a license being `吊销`.