押金

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押金 [2025/08/11 11:47] – created xiaoer押金 [Unknown date] (current) – removed - external edit (Unknown date) 127.0.0.1
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-====== yājīn: 押金 - Security Deposit, Deposit ====== +
-===== Quick Summary ===== +
-  * **Keywords:** 押金, yajin, Chinese security deposit, rent deposit China, what is yajin, deposit in Chinese, renting an apartment in China, housing rental terms, 押一付三, yā yī fù sān, getting deposit back in China. +
-  * **Summary:** 押金 (yājīn) is the essential Chinese term for a security deposit. It's a sum of money you pay upfront when renting an apartment, car, or even a shared power bank in China. This deposit acts as a financial guarantee for the owner against potential damages. Understanding the concept of 押金, especially common payment structures like "押一付三" (yā yī fù sān), is crucial for any foreigner looking to live, work, or travel in China to ensure a smooth rental process and the successful return of your money. +
-===== Core Meaning ===== +
-  * **Pinyin (with tone marks):** yājīn +
-  * **Part of Speech:** Noun +
-  * **HSK Level:** HSK 4 +
-  * **Concise Definition:** A sum of money paid as a guarantee against loss or damage, which is returned if conditions are met. +
-  * **In a Nutshell:** Think of 押金 (yājīn) as "guarantee money." It's a standard practice in China for nearly any kind of rental. You pay this money to the owner as a promise that you'll take care of their property. If you return the item (like an apartment or a car) in good condition, you get your 押金 back. If there's damage, the owner will use the 押金 to cover the repair costs. It’s a practical system of financial trust. +
-===== Character Breakdown ===== +
-  * **押 (yā):** This character's radical is a hand (手). It means "to press down," "to detain," or "to give something as security" (like in a pawn shop). It implies holding something in place as a guarantee. +
-  * **金 (jīn):** This character simply means "gold" or "money." It's one of the most fundamental characters related to finance. +
-  * **How they combine:** The characters literally mean "security money" or "money that is pressed down/held." This combination perfectly captures the concept of a sum of money held in trust by one party as a guarantee from another. +
-===== Cultural Context and Significance ===== +
-  * **The Standard, Not the Exception:** In Western countries, the requirement and amount of a security deposit can sometimes be flexible. In China, paying a 押金 is a non-negotiable, standard part of almost any rental agreement. It's an expected and fundamental component of the transaction that establishes a baseline of financial responsibility. +
-  * **Comparison to "Security Deposit":** While the function is identical to a Western "security deposit," the payment structure is a key cultural difference. The most common system for apartment rentals is **押一付三 (yā yī fù sān)**, which means you pay **one month's rent as a deposit (押一)** plus **three months' rent in advance (付三)**. This initial payment of four months' rent can be a surprise for Westerners accustomed to paying only first month's rent and a deposit. This system provides significant financial security for the landlord (房东, fángdōng). +
-  * **Trust and Practicality:** While personal relationships (关系, guānxi) are vital in many aspects of Chinese society, the 押金 serves as a pragmatic, impersonal safeguard in business transactions. It removes ambiguity and protects the owner's assets, ensuring that even without a deep personal connection, there is a clear financial consequence for negligence. +
-===== Practical Usage in Modern China ===== +
-  * **Apartment Rentals:** This is the most common scenario for encountering 押金. You will sign a contract (合同, hétong) that specifies the deposit amount, the conditions for its return, and the payment schedule (e.g., 押一付三 or the less common 押一付一, "one month deposit, one month rent"). +
-  * **Hotel Check-in:** Most hotels in China will require a 押金 upon check-in. This is usually charged to your credit card or paid in cash. It covers potential incidental costs like the minibar or damages to the room and is refunded at check-out after a quick room inspection. +
-  * **Renting Vehicles:** Whether it's a car for a road trip or a scooter for city travel, a 押金 is standard practice to cover potential accidents or damages. +
-  * **Shared Economy Services:** In the early days of shared bikes (like Mobike or Ofo), users had to pay a 押金 of ¥99-¥299 to use the service. While many services have moved to deposit-free models linked to credit systems like Alipay's Sesame Credit (芝麻信用, zhīma xìnyòng), the concept remains understood. You might still encounter it for renting shared power banks or umbrellas. +
-===== Example Sentences ===== +
-  * **Example 1:** +
-    * 租这套公寓需要付多少**押金**？ +
-    * Pinyin: Zū zhè tào gōngyù xūyào fù duōshǎo **yājīn**? +
-    * English: How much is the security deposit to rent this apartment? +
-    * Analysis: A fundamental and practical question you will definitely use when apartment hunting. +
-  * **Example 2:** +
-    * **押金**是一个月的房租，另外要先付三个月的租金。 +
-    * Pinyin: **Yājīn** shì yí ge yuè de fángzū, lìngwài yào xiān fù sān ge yuè de zūjīn. +
-    * English: The deposit is one month's rent, and you also have to pay three months' rent in advance. +
-    * Analysis: This sentence perfectly describes the common "押一付三" (yā yī fù sān) payment structure. +
-  * **Example 3:** +
-    * 如果你没有损坏任何东西，房东会在合同到期时退还**押金**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Rúguǒ nǐ méiyǒu sǔnhuài rènhé dōngxi, fángdōng huì zài hétong dàoqī shí tuìhuán **yājīn**. +
-    * English: If you don't damage anything, the landlord will refund the security deposit when the contract expires. +
-    * Analysis: This explains the ideal outcome of a rental agreement. Note the key verb `退还 (tuìhuán)`, meaning "to refund." +
-  * **Example 4:** +
-    * 因为墙上有个洞，房东扣了我一部分**押金**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Yīnwèi qiáng shàng yǒu ge dòng, fángdōng kòu le wǒ yí bùfèn **yājīn**. +
-    * English: Because there was a hole in the wall, the landlord deducted a portion of my deposit. +
-    * Analysis: `扣 (kòu)` is the verb for "to deduct" or "to withhold," often used in the context of deposits. +
-  * **Example 5:** +
-    * 我们酒店的**押金**是五百块，退房的时候会退给您。 +
-    * Pinyin: Wǒmen jiǔdiàn de **yājīn** shì wǔbǎi kuài, tuìfáng de shíhou huì tuì gěi nín. +
-    * English: Our hotel's deposit is 500 RMB, which will be returned to you at check-out. +
-    * Analysis: A typical sentence you would hear from a hotel receptionist. `退房 (tuìfáng)` means "to check out." +
-  * **Example 6:** +
-    * 租车不仅要付租金，还要交一笔不小的**押金**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zūchē bùjǐn yào fù zūjīn, hái yào jiāo yī bǐ bù xiǎo de **yājīn**. +
-    * English: To rent a car, you not only have to pay the rental fee but also a considerable deposit. +
-    * Analysis: This shows how 押金 is used for items other than apartments. `交 (jiāo)` means "to hand over" or "to pay." +
-  * **Example 7:** +
-    * 以前用共享单车是需要付**押金**的，但现在很多都不用了。 +
-    * Pinyin: Yǐqián yòng gòngxiǎng dānchē shì xūyào fù **yājīn** de, dàn xiànzài hěn duō dōu bú yòng le. +
-    * English: Previously, you needed to pay a deposit to use shared bikes, but now many of them don't require it. +
-    * Analysis: This illustrates the modern evolution of the concept in the tech and sharing economy. +
-  * **Example 8:** +
-    * 请保管好您的**押金**收据，退款时需要出示。 +
-    * Pinyin: Qǐng bǎoguǎn hǎo nín de **yājīn** shōujù, tuìkuǎn shí xūyào chūshì. +
-    * English: Please keep your deposit receipt safe; you will need to present it to get your refund. +
-    * Analysis: This highlights a crucial piece of practical advice. `收据 (shōujù)` is the receipt. +
-  * **Example 9:** +
-    * 合同明确规定，如租客提前解约，**押金**将不予退还。 +
-    * Pinyin: Hétong míngquè guīdìng, rú zūkè tíqián jiěyuē, **yājīn** jiāng bùyǔ tuìhuán. +
-    * English: The contract clearly stipulates that if the tenant terminates the lease early, the deposit will not be refunded. +
-    * Analysis: A more formal, legalistic sentence you might find in a rental contract (`合同, hétong`). +
-  * **Example 10:** +
-    * 我正在和房东因为**押金**的问题吵架。 +
-    * Pinyin: Wǒ zhèngzài hé fángdōng yīnwèi **yājīn** de wèntí chǎojià. +
-    * English: I'm currently arguing with my landlord over issues with the security deposit. +
-    * Analysis: This shows a common negative situation. Disputes over the return of the 押金 are unfortunately not rare. +
-===== Nuances and Common Mistakes ===== +
-  * **押金 (yājīn) vs. 订金 (dìngjīn):** This is the most critical distinction to learn. +
-    * **押金 (yājīn)** is a **refundable security deposit**. It's a guarantee against damage. +
-    * **订金 (dìngjīn)** is a **down payment or earnest money**. It secures your intent to purchase or rent. If you (the buyer/renter) back out of the deal, you often forfeit the 订金. If the seller backs out, they usually have to return double the 订金. +
-    * **Mistake Example:** Telling a landlord, "这是你的订金 (zhè shì nǐ de dìngjīn)" when handing them the security deposit. While they will understand, you are using the wrong legal term. If you pay a 订金 to reserve an apartment and later decide not to rent it, do not expect to get that money back. +
-  * **Assuming it's your last month's rent:** Never assume you can just tell the landlord to use your 押金 to cover your last month's rent. The 押金 is for damages and is only settled *after* you have moved out and paid all your rent. Attempting this will likely lead to a dispute. +
-  * **Not getting it in writing:** Always ensure the 押金 amount and the conditions for its full return are clearly stated in your signed rental contract (合同). Verbal agreements are difficult to enforce. Take photos of the apartment's condition before you move in as evidence. +
-===== Related Terms and Concepts ===== +
-  * [[订金]] (dìngjīn) - A down payment or earnest money. This is **not** the same as a deposit and is often non-refundable if you back out. +
-  * [[租金]] (zūjīn) - Rent; the regular payment for using a property. +
-  * [[押一付三]] (yā yī fù sān) - A common payment structure: one month's deposit, three months' rent upfront. +
-  * [[房东]] (fángdōng) - Landlord; the person who owns the property and receives the 押金. +
-  * [[租客]] (zūkè) - Tenant; the person who rents the property and pays the 押金. +
-  * [[合同]] (hétong) - Contract; the legal document that specifies the terms of the 押金. +
-  * [[退还]] (tuìhuán) - To refund / to return; the action of getting your deposit back. +
-  * [[损坏]] (sǔnhuài) - Damage; the primary reason a landlord might keep your 押金. +
-  * [[中介]] (zhōngjiè) - Agent / intermediary; the real estate agent who often facilitates the rental process and handles the 押金. +
-  * [[预付款]] (yùfùkuǎn) - Prepayment / advance payment. A broader term for paying for something before receiving it. Rent paid in advance is a type of 预付款.+