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| 部分 [2025/08/13 20:09] – created xiaoer | 部分 [Unknown date] (current) – removed - external edit (Unknown date) 127.0.0.1 |
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| ====== bùfen: 部分 - Part, Section, Some ====== | |
| ===== Quick Summary ===== | |
| * **Keywords:** bufen, 部分, part of, section of, some of, Chinese word for part, Chinese measure word for part, how to say some in Chinese, HSK 3 word, 一部分, 大部分, Chinese quantifiers. | |
| * **Summary:** Learn how to use the versatile Chinese word **部分 (bùfen)**, which means "part," "section," or "some." This fundamental HSK 3 term functions as both a noun and a quantifier, allowing you to talk about a portion of a whole—from a section of a report to some of the people in a group. This guide breaks down its meaning, provides dozens of practical examples, and clarifies its usage compared to similar words like `有些 (yǒuxiē)`, making it an essential tool for any beginner Chinese learner. | |
| ===== Core Meaning ===== | |
| * **Pinyin (with tone marks):** bùfen | |
| * **Part of Speech:** Noun, Measure Word (Quantifier) | |
| * **HSK Level:** HSK 3 | |
| * **Concise Definition:** A part, section, portion, or some of a whole. | |
| * **In a Nutshell:** **部分 (bùfen)** is your go-to word for talking about a piece of something bigger. Think of it as the English word "part" or "portion." You can use it as a noun on its own ("This **part** is difficult") or as a quantifier to mean "some of" or "a portion of" ("**Some of** the students are late"). It's a neutral and incredibly common word for dividing anything, whether physical or abstract, into smaller pieces. | |
| ===== Character Breakdown ===== | |
| * **部 (bù):** This character often means "department," "division," or "part." Think of a government ministry (e.g., 教育部 - Ministry of Education) or a department in a company. It inherently carries the idea of a section within a larger organization. | |
| * **分 (fēn):** This character means "to divide," "to separate," or a "minute/point." The character itself contains a knife (刀) on the right, suggesting the action of cutting or dividing something. | |
| The combination is very logical: **部 (a division) + 分 (to divide) → 部分 (a divided section, a part)**. Together, they create a clear and direct meaning of a section that has been separated from a larger whole. | |
| ===== Cultural Context and Significance ===== | |
| While **部分 (bùfen)** isn't a deeply philosophical term like [[关系]] (guānxi), its usage reflects a practical aspect of Chinese thought. Chinese culture often emphasizes holism and the importance of the collective, represented by words like [[整体]] (zhěngtǐ - "the whole"). **部分** is the essential linguistic tool used to analyze that whole. It's the word for breaking down a complex problem, a group of people, or a long-term plan into manageable components. | |
| In Western contexts, we might use a variety of specific words: "component" (for machines), "element" (for chemistry or ideas), "segment" (for markets), "chapter" (for books), or "article" (for law). **部分** serves as a highly versatile, general-purpose equivalent for all of these. Its commonality shows a pragmatic approach: while the whole is important, progress and understanding are achieved by focusing on its individual **parts**. It's the word of the analyst, the planner, and the pragmatist. | |
| ===== Practical Usage in Modern China ===== | |
| **部分 (bùfen)** is used constantly in both formal and informal settings. | |
| * **As a Noun:** It can stand alone to mean "part" or "section." | |
| * `这部分是我的。` (Zhè bùfen shì wǒ de.) - This part is mine. | |
| * `报告的最后一部分很重要。` (Bàogào de zuìhòu yī bùfen hěn zhòngyào.) - The last part of the report is very important. | |
| * **As a Quantifier (often with 一, 大, or 小):** This is its most common usage. It acts like "some of" or "a portion of." | |
| * **一部分 (yī bùfen) - A part of / Some of:** | |
| * `有一部分学生还没来。` (Yǒu yī bùfen xuéshēng hái méi lái.) - Some of the students haven't arrived yet. | |
| * **大部分 (dà bùfen) - A large part of / The majority of:** | |
| * `大部分人都同意这个计划。` (Dà bùfen rén dōu tóngyì zhège jìhuà.) - The majority of people agree with this plan. | |
| * **一小部分 (yī xiǎo bùfen) - A small part of:** | |
| * `只有一小部分问题很难。` (Zhǐyǒu yī xiǎo bùfen wèntí hěn nán.) - Only a small part of the questions are difficult. | |
| * **In Business and Academia:** It's used to refer to sections of a contract, parts of a project, departments, or divisions of a presentation. Its tone is neutral and professional. | |
| * **On Social Media and in Conversation:** People use it to talk about part of a movie, a section of a city, or a portion of their day. It's a simple, everyday word. | |
| ===== Example Sentences ===== | |
| * **Example 1:** | |
| * 这是计划的**一部分**。 | |
| * Pinyin: Zhè shì jìhuà de **yī bùfen**. | |
| * English: This is a part of the plan. | |
| * Analysis: A classic and simple example of `一部分` used as a noun phrase to mean "a part of." | |
| * **Example 2:** | |
| * **大部分**员工都参加了年会。 | |
| * Pinyin: **Dàbùfen** yuángōng dōu cānjiā le niánhuì. | |
| * English: The majority of employees attended the annual meeting. | |
| * Analysis: `大部分` is used here as a quantifier to mean "the majority of" or "most of." This is an extremely common pattern. | |
| * **Example 3:** | |
| * 我只看了这本书的第一**部分**。 | |
| * Pinyin: Wǒ zhǐ kàn le zhè běn shū de dì yī **bùfen**. | |
| * English: I only read the first part of this book. | |
| * Analysis: Here, `部分` acts as a noun, equivalent to "section" or "part" when referring to a book. | |
| * **Example 4:** | |
| * 他的工作**部分**由我负责。 | |
| * Pinyin: Tā de gōngzuò **bùfen** yóu wǒ fùzé. | |
| * English: I am partially responsible for his work. / Part of his work is my responsibility. | |
| * Analysis: In this sentence, `部分` functions almost like an adverb, meaning "partially" or "in part." | |
| * **Example 5:** | |
| * 我们讨论了问题的各个**部分**。 | |
| * Pinyin: Wǒmen tǎolùn le wèntí de gège **bùfen**. | |
| * English: We discussed all the various parts of the problem. | |
| * Analysis: The structure `各个部分` (gège bùfen) means "each and every part," emphasizing a comprehensive analysis. | |
| * **Example 6:** | |
| * **一部分**原因是天气不好，**另一部分**原因是我太累了。 | |
| * Pinyin: **Yī bùfen** yuányīn shì tiānqì bù hǎo, **lìng yī bùfen** yuányīn shì wǒ tài lèi le. | |
| * English: Part of the reason is the bad weather, and the other part is that I was too tired. | |
| * Analysis: This shows how to contrast two different parts or reasons using the `一部分... 另一部分...` structure. | |
| * **Example 7:** | |
| * 城市的大**部分**地区都停电了。 | |
| * Pinyin: Chéngshì de dà**bùfen** dìqū dōu tíngdiàn le. | |
| * English: A large part of the city has lost power. | |
| * Analysis: Demonstrates `大部分` used for a geographical area. | |
| * **Example 8:** | |
| * 这只是故事的一小**部分**。 | |
| * Pinyin: Zhè zhǐshì gùshì de yī xiǎo **bùfen**. | |
| * English: This is only a small part of the story. | |
| * Analysis: Using `一小部分` effectively communicates that the portion is minor. | |
| * **Example 9:** | |
| * 你可以选择支付全款或**部分**款项。 | |
| * Pinyin: Nǐ kěyǐ xuǎnzé zhīfù quánkuǎn huò **bùfen** kuǎnxiàng. | |
| * English: You can choose to pay in full or make a partial payment. | |
| * Analysis: A practical example from a financial or business context. Here `部分款项` means "partial payment." `全款` (quánkuǎn) means "full payment." | |
| * **Example 10:** | |
| * 这个软件的**部分**功能需要付费。 | |
| * Pinyin: Zhège ruǎnjiàn de **bùfen** gōngnéng xūyào fùfèi. | |
| * English: Some of this software's functions require payment. | |
| * Analysis: `部分` here specifies that not *all* functions require payment, just a certain portion of them. | |
| ===== Nuances and Common Mistakes ===== | |
| * **`部分` vs. `有些 (yǒuxiē)` - The Biggest Pitfall:** | |
| * **部分 (bùfen)** usually refers to a portion of a **specific, defined whole**. Think "some **of the**..." | |
| * **有些 (yǒuxiē)** is more general and indefinite. Think "some..." | |
| * **Correct:** `我们班**一部分**学生来自上海。` (Wǒmen bān **yī bùfen** xuéshēng láizì Shànghǎi.) - A part of the students **in our class** are from Shanghai. (A specific group: "our class") | |
| * **Correct:** `**有些**学生喜欢数学。` (**Yǒuxiē** xuéshēng xǐhuān shùxué.) - **Some** students like math. (Students in general, not from a specific group). | |
| * **Common Mistake:** Using `部分` when you mean "some" in a general sense. Saying `部分人不喜欢运动` sounds slightly unnatural; `有些人不喜欢运动` is much better. | |
| * **`部分` is for Portions, Not Individual Items:** | |
| * You use `部分` to talk about a fraction of a collective noun or an uncountable mass. You don't use it for a few countable items. | |
| * **Incorrect:** `我想吃**部分**苹果。` (Wǒ xiǎng chī **bùfen** píngguǒ.) - This sounds like you want to eat a "part of an apple" (like the skin or the core), not "some apples." | |
| * **Correct:** `我想吃**几个**苹果。` (Wǒ xiǎng chī **jǐ ge** píngguǒ.) - I want to eat a few apples. | |
| * **Correct:** `我想吃这个苹果的**一部分**。` (Wǒ xiǎng chī zhège píngguǒ de **yī bùfen**.) - I want to eat a part of this apple. | |
| ===== Related Terms and Concepts ===== | |
| * [[整体]] (zhěngtǐ) - The direct antonym: "whole," "entirety." The opposite concept to `部分`. | |
| * [[全部]] (quánbù) - "All," "the whole lot." The most common word used to contrast with `部分`. | |
| * [[大部分]] (dàbùfen) - A specific and very common usage of `部分` meaning "the majority" or "most of." | |
| * [[有些]] (yǒuxiē) - "Some." A similar term but more indefinite and general than `一部分`. | |
| * [[局部]] (júbù) - "Local part," "partial." More specific than `部分`, often used in technical, medical, or military contexts (e.g., `局部麻醉` - local anesthesia). | |
| * [[个别]] (gèbié) - "Individual," "a very few," "one or two." Implies a much smaller number than `一部分`. | |
| * [[分]] (fēn) - A core character within `部分`, meaning "to divide," "minute," or "point." | |
| * [[段]] (duàn) - A measure word for "section" or "paragraph," often used for text, roads, or periods of time. More specific than `部分`. | |