部门

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部门 [2025/08/10 04:55] – created xiaoer部门 [Unknown date] (current) – removed - external edit (Unknown date) 127.0.0.1
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-====== bùmén: 部门 - Department, Division, Branch ====== +
-===== Quick Summary ===== +
-  * **Keywords:** 部门, bumen, Chinese department, what is bumen, company department in Chinese, government department, organizational structure China, HR department in Chinese, sales department in Chinese, corporate structure, ministry. +
-  * **Summary:** "部门" (bùmén) is a fundamental Chinese noun for a "department," "division," or "branch" within any organization. Whether you're navigating a corporate office, dealing with a government agency, or discussing organizational structure, this is the essential word you'll need. Understanding "部门" is key to grasping how companies and institutions are structured and discussed in the Chinese-speaking world. +
-===== Core Meaning ===== +
-  * **Pinyin (with tone marks):** bùmén +
-  * **Part of Speech:** Noun +
-  * **HSK Level:** HSK 4 +
-  * **Concise Definition:** A department, division, or branch of an organization, company, or government. +
-  * **In a Nutshell:** "部门" is the default word for a "department." Think of it as a specific section within a larger entity, like the HR department inside a company or a specific ministry within the government. The word itself combines the ideas of a "section" and a "gate," painting a clear picture of a distinct unit with its own functions and responsibilities. +
-===== Character Breakdown ===== +
-  * **部 (bù):** This character's primary meaning is "part," "section," or "unit." It visually represents a specific division within a larger whole, much like a chapter in a book or a section of a city. +
-  * **门 (mén):** This is a pictograph of a double-leaf door or a gate. It symbolizes an entrance, a category, a field of study, or a school of thought. +
-  * The characters combine logically: a "section" (部) that you enter through a "gate" (门). This creates a powerful and intuitive image of a self-contained, official unit within a larger organization—a department. +
-===== Cultural Context and Significance ===== +
-"部门" reflects the high value placed on hierarchy, structure, and clear role definition in Chinese organizations, both in business and government. While a Western company might emphasize fluid, cross-functional "teams," the concept of a "部门" is more rigid and concrete. It signifies a specific silo with a designated manager (部门经理, bùmén jīnglǐ) and clear responsibilities. +
-This contrasts with the Western ideal of a "flat" organizational structure. In China, knowing which "部门" someone belongs to immediately tells you about their function, their likely superiors, and their place in the organizational hierarchy. It's less about a temporary project team (`团队, tuánduì`) and more about a permanent, structural home within the larger collective (`单位, dānwèi`). This clarity is seen as essential for efficiency and order. +
-===== Practical Usage in Modern China ===== +
-"部门" is a standard, formal term used constantly in professional and administrative contexts. +
-  * **In Business:** You cannot discuss a company's structure without it. Common departments include: +
-    * **销售部 (xiāoshòu bù):** Sales Department +
-    * **市场部 (shìchǎng bù):** Marketing Department +
-    * **人力资源部 (rénlì zīyuán bù):** Human Resources (HR) Department +
-    * **财务部 (cáiwù bù):** Finance/Accounting Department +
-    * **技术部 (jìshù bù):** Technology/IT Department +
-  * **In Government:** It's the standard term for ministries, agencies, and bureaus. +
-    * **政府部门 (zhèngfǔ bùmén):** Government departments +
-    * **外交部 (Wàijiāobù):** Ministry of Foreign Affairs +
-    * **教育部 (Jiàoyùbù):** Ministry of Education +
-The term carries a neutral, formal connotation. It's simply the correct and expected word to use in these settings. +
-===== Example Sentences ===== +
-  * **Example 1:** +
-    * 你在哪个**部门**工作？ +
-    * Pinyin: Nǐ zài nǎge **bùmén** gōngzuò? +
-    * English: Which department do you work in? +
-    * Analysis: A classic, essential question for any professional networking situation. "哪个" (nǎge) means "which." +
-  * **Example 2:** +
-    * 我在公司的销售**部门**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Wǒ zài gōngsī de xiāoshòu **bùmén**. +
-    * English: I'm in the company's sales department. +
-    * Analysis: A standard way to introduce your role. Note the structure: Company + 的 (de) + Department Name. +
-  * **Example 3:** +
-    * 如果你有问题，可以去问人力资源**部门**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Rúguǒ nǐ yǒu wèntí, kěyǐ qù wèn rénlì zīyuán **bùmén**. +
-    * English: If you have a problem, you can go ask the HR department. +
-    * Analysis: This shows "部门" used as the object of a verb phrase ("ask the... department"). "人力资源" (rénlì zīyuán) is the standard term for HR. +
-  * **Example 4:** +
-    * 他是这个**部门**的经理。 +
-    * Pinyin: Tā shì zhège **bùmén** de jīnglǐ. +
-    * English: He is the manager of this department. +
-    * Analysis: This introduces the very common title "部门经理" (bùmén jīnglǐ) - Department Manager. +
-  * **Example 5:** +
-    * 我们公司一共有八个**部门**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Wǒmen gōngsī yígòng yǒu bā ge **bùmén**. +
-    * English: Our company has eight departments in total. +
-    * Analysis: Note the measure word for "部门" is "个" (ge), the most common measure word in Chinese. +
-  * **Example 6:** +
-    * 这个项目需要多个**部门**之间的合作。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhège xiàngmù xūyào duō ge **bùmén** zhījiān de hézuò. +
-    * English: This project requires cooperation between multiple departments. +
-    * Analysis: "之间" (zhījiān) means "between," a useful grammar point for discussing inter-departmental relationships. +
-  * **Example 7:** +
-    * 每个**部门**都有自己的预算。 +
-    * Pinyin: Měi ge **bùmén** dōu yǒu zìjǐ de yùsuàn. +
-    * English: Every department has its own budget. +
-    * Analysis: "每个...都..." (měi ge... dōu...) is a common structure meaning "every single one... all...". +
-  * **Example 8:** +
-    * 这是政府的一个新**部门**，负责环境保护。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhè shì zhèngfǔ de yí ge xīn **bùmén**, fùzé huánjìng bǎohù. +
-    * English: This is a new government department, responsible for environmental protection. +
-    * Analysis: Demonstrates its use in a governmental context. "负责" (fùzé) means "to be responsible for." +
-  * **Example 9:** +
-    * 由于重组，一些**部门**被合并了。 +
-    * Pinyin: Yóuyú chóngzǔ, yìxiē **bùmén** bèi hébìng le. +
-    * English: Due to restructuring, some departments were merged. +
-    * Analysis: This sentence uses the passive voice with "被" (bèi), common when talking about organizational changes. +
-  * **Example 10:** +
-    * 公司的 IT **部门**总是很忙。 +
-    * Pinyin: Gōngsī de IT **bùmén** zǒngshì hěn máng. +
-    * English: The company's IT department is always very busy. +
-    * Analysis: Shows how you can easily combine English acronyms like "IT" with "部门". +
-===== Nuances and Common Mistakes ===== +
-  * **部门 (bùmén) vs. 系 (xì): The University Mistake** +
-    * This is the most common error for learners. **部门 (bùmén)** is for corporate and government structures. For an academic department at a university or college, you MUST use **系 (xì)**. +
-    * **Correct:** 我是北京大学中文**系**的学生。(Wǒ shì Běijīng Dàxué Zhōngwén **xì** de xuéshēng.) - I am a student in the Chinese Department of Peking University. +
-    * **Incorrect:** ~~我是北京大学中文**部门**的学生。~~ This sounds very strange and is incorrect. +
-  * **部门 (bùmén) vs. 团队 (tuánduì): Structure vs. Function** +
-    * A **部门 (bùmén)** is a formal, permanent structural unit (e.g., Sales Department). A **团队 (tuánduì)** is a "team," which can be temporary, cross-departmental, or project-based. A team works together on a task; a department is a part of the official organizational chart. +
-  * **部门 (bùmén) vs. 公司 (gōngsī): Part vs. Whole** +
-    * A beginner might confuse the part for the whole. A **公司 (gōngsī)** is the entire "company." A **部门 (bùmén)** is just one division *inside* the company. +
-===== Related Terms and Concepts ===== +
-  * **[[公司]] (gōngsī):** Company. The larger entity that contains multiple `部门`. +
-  * **[[单位]] (dānwèi):** Work unit. A more general, and sometimes state-affiliated, term for one's place of employment. A `单位` is made up of `部门`. +
-  * **[[系]] (xì):** Academic department. The crucial counterpart to `部门`, used exclusively for universities and colleges. +
-  * **[[经理]] (jīnglǐ):** Manager. You will often hear `部门经理` (department manager). +
-  * **[[政府]] (zhèngfǔ):** Government. Often followed by `部门` to mean "government departments" or agencies. +
-  * **[[机构]] (jīgòu):** Institution, agency, organization. A broader term that encompasses places like banks, government agencies, and NGOs, which are all comprised of `部门`. +
-  * **[[团队]] (tuánduì):** Team. A more flexible and often temporary group of people working together, contrasting with the formal structure of a `部门`. +
-  * **[[员工]] (yuángōng):** Employee, staff. The people who work within a `部门`. +
-  * **[[职位]] (zhíwèi):** Position, post. An individual's specific job role within a `部门`.+