====== The Falcon and The Winter Soldier ======
===== Part 1: The Dossier: An At-a-Glance Summary =====
  *   **In one bolded sentence, //The Falcon and The Winter Soldier// is the story of two of [[steve_rogers|Captain America's]] closest friends, Sam Wilson and Bucky Barnes, as they grapple with the monumental legacy of the shield and define their own heroism in a complex, post-Blip world.**
  *   **Key Takeaways:**
  * **A Legacy Defined:** The central theme is the weight of legacy. The narrative explores what it means to be a hero, a symbol, and an American, forcing both protagonists to confront their pasts and decide who they will become in the absence of their mutual friend, Steve Rogers. [[captain_america]].
  * **From Sidekicks to Center Stage:** The story elevates two long-standing supporting characters to leading roles, delving into their personal struggles—Sam's confrontation with systemic racism and the meaning of a Black man holding the shield, and Bucky's quest for atonement after decades as a brainwashed assassin. [[avengers]].
  * **Comic vs. MCU Partnership:** In the comics, Sam and Bucky's relationship developed over decades as allies of Captain America, with each separately holding the mantle. The MCU forges their dynamic through the crucible of a shared mission, evolving them from begrudging, bickering colleagues into true partners who form a found family.
===== Part 2: Origin and Evolution =====
==== Publication History and Creation ====
The characters of Sam Wilson and Bucky Barnes have long and storied histories in Marvel Comics, created decades apart before their paths were intertwined in the modern era and ultimately codified as a duo by the MCU.
**Sam Wilson (The Falcon)** was created by writer [[stan_lee|Stan Lee]] and artist Gene Colan. He first appeared in ''Captain America'' #117 (September 1969). Critically, Sam Wilson was the first mainstream African American superhero in American comics.((While [[black_panther|Black Panther]] predates him, Panther is an African monarch, not an African //American//. The Falcon's creation was a significant step in representation within the medium during the late Civil Rights era.)) His creation was a direct reflection of the changing social landscape, providing a hero who dealt with street-level issues and urban realities, a stark contrast to the more cosmic or global threats often faced by other heroes.
**James Buchanan "Bucky" Barnes** has a much longer, more complex history. He was created by Joe Simon and [[jack_kirby|Jack Kirby]] and first appeared in ''Captain America Comics'' #1 (March 1941) as Captain America's teenage sidekick. For decades, he was considered one of the few comic book characters to "stay dead" after his apparent demise in World War II. This changed dramatically in 2005 when writer Ed Brubaker and artist Steve Epting resurrected the character in ''Captain America'' (vol. 5) #1. Reimagined as the brainwashed Soviet assassin known as the **Winter Soldier**, Bucky was transformed from a historical footnote into one of Marvel's most compelling and tragic figures, a modern anti-hero haunted by a past he didn't choose.
The concept of them as a specific duo is almost entirely a creation of the [[marvel_cinematic_universe|Marvel Cinematic Universe]], building upon their shared connection to Steve Rogers. The Disney+ series, //The Falcon and The Winter Soldier//, which premiered on March 19, 2021, was developed by Malcolm Spellman and served as the narrative bridge to formally pass the Captain America mantle to Sam Wilson in the MCU.
==== In-Universe Origin Story ====
The paths that led Sam Wilson and Bucky Barnes to become partners are vastly different across the two primary Marvel universes.
=== Earth-616 (Prime Comic Universe) ===
In the comics, there is no single "origin story" for them as a duo; rather, their relationship is a gradual development built upon their mutual loyalty to [[steve_rogers|Steve Rogers]].
**Sam Wilson's Origin:** Sam Wilson was a social worker and community volunteer from Harlem, New York. While on a trip to a remote island, his plane crashed. The island was controlled by the [[red_skull|Red Skull]], who used the [[cosmic_cube|Cosmic Cube]] to manipulate Sam's past and give him a telepathic connection with a falcon he had purchased, which he named Redwing. The Skull's intention was to mold Sam into a perfect warrior to defeat Captain America. However, Captain America saw the innate heroism in Sam, freed him from the Skull's influence, and trained him. Sam adopted the moniker **The Falcon** and became Captain America's steadfast partner, fighting crime in Harlem and alongside the Avengers.
**Bucky Barnes's Origin:** Bucky was an orphaned army brat who discovered Steve Rogers's secret identity and became his sidekick during World War II. During a mission to stop [[baron_zemo|Baron Zemo]] from stealing an experimental drone plane, the plane exploded in mid-air. Captain America was thrown into the freezing Atlantic, while Bucky was seemingly killed. In reality, his body was recovered by a Soviet patrol submarine. He was missing an arm and had amnesia. The Soviets outfitted him with a state-of-the-art bionic arm and, through brutal brainwashing, turned him into their perfect assassin: **The Winter Soldier**. He was kept in cryogenic stasis between missions for decades, carrying out assassinations and wetwork operations that shaped the Cold War. It was Captain America who eventually found him in the modern day and used the Cosmic Cube to restore his memories, setting Bucky on a long, difficult path of redemption.
Their relationship in the comics was primarily one of professional respect as fellow allies of Steve. They served on the Avengers together at various times. Crucially, Bucky took up the mantle of **Captain America** after Steve's apparent death following the //Civil War// storyline, and later, Sam Wilson was chosen by an aged Steve Rogers to become the new **Captain America**, leading to major comic series exploring the social and political implications of his role. Their interactions were often colored by their shared love for Steve, but not the buddy-cop dynamic popularized by the MCU.
=== Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) ===
The MCU origin of their partnership is the central plot of the Disney+ series, built upon their prior introductions.
**Pre-Series History:**
  * **Sam Wilson** was introduced in ''[[captain_america_the_winter_soldier|Captain America: The Winter Soldier]]'' as a former United States Air Force Pararescueman who ran a support group for veterans with PTSD. He used an experimental EXO-7 Falcon winged jetpack in his military service. He quickly befriended Steve Rogers and became a loyal ally, joining the Avengers.
  * **Bucky Barnes**'s history mirrors the comics' modern origin: Steve's childhood best friend, a sergeant in the Howling Commandos, who fell from a train in the Alps during a mission in 1945. He was recovered by [[hydra|HYDRA]] (under the command of Arnim Zola), experimented on, given a cybernetic arm, and brainwashed to become the Winter Soldier. He operated for over 70 years as HYDRA's ghost-like assassin. Steve eventually broke through his programming in ''The Winter Soldier'' and Bucky went on the run. After being framed by Zemo in ''[[captain_america_civil_war|Captain America: Civil War]]'', he was granted asylum in [[wakanda]], where Shuri successfully and permanently deprogrammed him, earning him the name **White Wolf**.
**The Partnership's Genesis:** The series //The Falcon and The Winter Soldier// begins six months after the events of ''[[avengers_endgame|Avengers: Endgame]]''. An elderly Steve Rogers has passed the shield to Sam, but Sam, feeling the weight of the legacy is too great, donates it to the Smithsonian. Meanwhile, Bucky, now pardoned, is in government-mandated therapy, trying to make amends for his past as the Winter Soldier.
Their paths are forced together when the U.S. government ignores Sam's (and Steve's) wishes and names a new Captain America: **John Walker**. Simultaneously, a new global threat emerges: the **Flag Smashers**, a group of super-soldiers led by Karli Morgenthau who believe the world was better during the Blip. Sam and Bucky must team up, despite their friction and clashing personalities, to stop the Flag Smashers. Their journey forces them to seek help from the imprisoned [[baron_zemo|Helmut Zemo]], confront the dark history of the Super-Soldier Serum through the story of [[isaiah_bradley|Isaiah Bradley]], and ultimately decide what the shield truly represents. This shared trial by fire forges their partnership, transforming them from "Steve's friends" into a cohesive, formidable team in their own right.
===== Part 3: The Heroes: A Tale of Two Legacies =====
==== Sam Wilson / The Falcon / Captain America ====
=== Earth-616 (Prime Comic Universe) ===
  *   **Powers & Abilities:**
  * **Avian Telepathy:** Sam's primary power, originally granted by the Red Skull's Cosmic Cube, is a psionic link with his falcon, Redwing. This link later expanded, allowing him to telepathically connect with and see through the eyes of //all// birds within a vast radius. This grants him an incredible aerial surveillance network.
  * **Master Aerialist:** Sam is arguably the most skilled aerial combatant on Earth. His lifetime of experience with his wings makes his movements fluid and intuitive, allowing him to outmaneuver technologically superior foes.
  * **Expert Martial Artist:** Trained extensively by Captain America, Sam is a superb hand-to-hand combatant, blending acrobatics with Steve Rogers's signature fighting style.
  *   **Equipment:**
  * **Falcon Wingsuit:** Sam has used numerous versions of his wingsuit. The modern comic version is a sophisticated piece of technology, often designed by [[black_panther|T'Challa]], made of lightweight [[vibranium|Vibranium]] emitters. The wings are psionically controlled, allowing for incredible maneuverability, and feature hard-light holographic feathers that can be used as projectiles. The suit also includes GPS, jamming devices, and a vibranium-weave costume for protection.
  * **Captain America's Shield:** During his tenure as Captain America, Sam wielded the iconic circular shield. He developed a unique fighting style that integrated the shield with his aerial combat, using it for both offense and defense in mid-air.
  *   **Personality & Background:** Sam's background as a social worker is central to his character. He is driven by a deep empathy and a desire to protect the common person. He is a community leader, pragmatic, and level-headed. His time as Captain America was defined by his political activism and his willingness to challenge the government and systemic injustices, often putting him at odds with [[shield|S.H.I.E.L.D.]] and other authorities.
=== Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) ===
  *   **Powers & Abilities:**
  * **No Superhuman Powers:** Unlike his comic counterpart, MCU Sam Wilson has no inherent superpowers. All his abilities stem from his training and technology.
  * **Peak Human Condition:** As a former Pararescueman and an Avenger, Sam is in peak physical condition with exceptional endurance and reflexes.
  * **Master Tactician and Aerialist:** Sam is an expert military strategist and the most proficient user of the EXO-7 Falcon technology. He displays incredible spatial awareness and skill in aerial combat, dogfighting, and extraction missions.
  * **Expert Combatant:** His training with the Air Force and later with the Avengers makes him a skilled fighter, though he relies more on his gear and tactical acumen than brute force.
  *   **Equipment:**
  * **EXO-7 Falcon Suit:** This is a military-grade winged jetpack. The original version featured detachable, articulated wings. In //The Falcon and The Winter Soldier//, he receives a brand-new suit from the Wakandans. This advanced model is made of Vibranium, features a more robust design, and is accompanied by two "Redwing" combat and reconnaissance drones that can be deployed from the pack.
  * **Captain America's Shield:** Made from a unique Vibranium alloy, the shield is virtually indestructible. Sam's fighting style with it, developed over the course of the series, is highly dynamic. He uses his suit's propulsion and wings to generate immense force behind his shield throws and strikes, creating a powerful synergy between the Falcon technology and the Captain America mantle.
  *   **Personality & Background:** Sam is portrayed as deeply loyal, compassionate, and principled. His military background informs his disciplined and tactical approach. A recurring theme for Sam is his struggle with his family's legacy and financial troubles in Delacroix, Louisiana, which grounds his character in real-world problems. His journey is defined by his contemplation of what it means for a Black man to represent a country that has historically failed to represent him, a central conflict resolved when he finally accepts the shield on his own terms.
==== Bucky Barnes / The Winter Soldier / The White Wolf ====
=== Earth-616 (Prime Comic Universe) ===
  *   **Powers & Abilities:**
  * **Enhanced Physiology:** As the Winter Soldier, Bucky was enhanced with a variant of the Infinity Formula (not the Super-Soldier Serum), which grants him enhanced strength, speed, stamina, and agility, comparable to but slightly below Captain America's levels.
  * **Master Assassin and Spy:** Decades of Soviet programming made him one of the most skilled assassins in the world. He is a master of espionage, stealth, demolitions, and is an expert marksman with virtually any weapon.
  * **Master Martial Artist:** Bucky is one of the finest hand-to-hand combatants in the Marvel Universe, trained in numerous fighting styles. He seamlessly integrates his cybernetic arm into his combat style.
  *   **Equipment:**
  * **Cybernetic Arm:** Bucky's bionic arm has been upgraded many times. It provides superhuman strength, can discharge electrical blasts (EMP), and has advanced sensory and holographic projection capabilities. It is his primary weapon and tool.
  * **Assorted Weaponry:** As the Winter Soldier, he carried a wide array of firearms and explosives. As Captain America, he used a specialized pistol and combat knife in addition to the shield.
  *   **Key Roles:** Beyond being the Winter Soldier and a temporary Captain America, Bucky also served as the "Man on the Wall," a secret, clandestine role where he single-handedly protected Earth from extraterrestrial and extradimensional threats, operating in the shadows without any glory.
=== Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) ===
  *   **Powers & Abilities:**
  * **Super-Soldier Physiology:** In the MCU, Bucky received a variant of the Super-Soldier Serum from HYDRA's experiments. This grants him superhuman strength (capable of overpowering Captain America at times), durability, speed, and a slowed aging process.
  * **Master Assassin and Combatant:** His skills mirror his comic counterpart. He is a ruthlessly efficient fighter and marksman, honed by decades of HYDRA missions. His fighting style is brutal and direct, a reflection of his programming.
  *   **Equipment:**
  * **HYDRA Cybernetic Arm:** His original silver arm, emblazoned with a red star, provided immense strength and durability. It was destroyed by [[iron_man|Iron Man]] in ''Civil War''.
  * **Wakandan Vibranium Arm:** A gift from Shuri and T'Challa, his current arm is a sleek, black and gold prosthetic made entirely of Vibranium. It is superior to his old arm, likely stronger, more durable, and integrated with Wakandan technology. It features failsafes that prevent it from being controlled by others, symbolizing his freedom from his past.
  *   **Personality & Background:** The MCU's Bucky is defined by trauma and the search for redemption. He is quiet, brooding, and tormented by the memories of his actions as the Winter Soldier. His friendship with Steve is the bedrock of his identity. The series charts his difficult journey of making amends, not just by stopping criminals but by confessing his past sins and helping the families of his victims find closure. He struggles with his identity, feeling like a weapon without a purpose, until he finds a new one alongside Sam. His moniker of "White Wolf" given by the Wakandans represents his healing and rebirth.
===== Part 4: Key Relationships & Network =====
==== Core Allies ====
  *   **[[steve_rogers|Steve Rogers / Captain America]]:** The central figure in both of their lives. For Bucky, Steve is his brother, the one person who never gave up on him and pulled him back from the brink. For Sam, Steve was a mentor, a respected leader, and the friend who saw his potential and trusted him implicitly. Their shared loyalty to Steve is the foundation of their partnership, but also a source of initial tension, as they both feel the pressure of living up to his legacy.
  *   **[[sharon_carter|Sharon Carter / Agent 13]]:** A former S.H.I.E.L.D. and CIA agent and the great-niece of Peggy Carter. In //The Falcon and The Winter Soldier//, she aids Sam and Bucky from the criminal haven of Madripoor, having been on the run since //Civil War//. However, her motives are complex, as she has become embittered and cynical, ultimately being revealed as the clandestine **Power Broker**. Her relationship with them evolves from ally to a shadowy, untrustworthy figure.
  *   **[[joaquin_torres|Joaquin Torres]]:** A First Lieutenant in the U.S. Air Force and a friend of Sam's. He provides intelligence and support throughout their mission against the Flag Smashers. After Sam's Falcon wings are destroyed, Sam leaves them for Torres, setting up Torres's potential future to become the new Falcon, just as he does in the comics.
==== Arch-Enemies ====
  *   **[[baron_zemo|Helmut Zemo]]:** A Sokovian nobleman and former intelligence officer whose family was killed during the events of //[[avengers_age_of_ultron|Avengers: Age of Ultron]]//. Zemo is an ideological opponent who believes super-beings are inherently dangerous and must be eradicated. In //Civil War//, he framed Bucky and tore the Avengers apart. In the series, he becomes a temporary, uneasy ally, using his knowledge of HYDRA to help track the new super-soldiers. He is brilliant, patient, and utterly ruthless in his convictions, serving as a dark mirror to the heroes' own methods.
  *   **The Flag Smashers (led by Karli Morgenthau):** An anarchist group who gained superhuman abilities from a recreated Super-Soldier Serum. They believe in a world without borders and fight to stop the resettlement of those who returned after the Blip, viewing the previous five years as a period of global unity. Karli Morgenthau is a charismatic but increasingly radicalized leader. The Flag Smashers challenge Sam and Bucky not just physically, but philosophically, forcing them to question the nature of heroism and whether their "enemies" are truly evil or just desperate people pushed to extremes.
  *   **[[us_agent|John Walker / U.S. Agent]]:** A highly decorated Army Captain chosen by the U.S. government to be the new Captain America. Walker is a man who desperately wants to do good but is crushed by the psychological pressure of the mantle. He lacks Steve's superhuman abilities and moral clarity, leading him to take the Super-Soldier Serum himself. After his partner is killed, he publicly executes a surrendered Flag Smasher with the shield, a moment that horrifies the world. He is stripped of the title but is later recruited by Valentina Allegra de Fontaine and given a new identity: **U.S. Agent**. He represents the institutional, militaristic interpretation of Captain America, in direct contrast to Sam's more humanist approach.
==== Affiliations ====
  *   **[[avengers|The Avengers]]:** Both Sam and Bucky were integral members of the Avengers, fighting alongside them in major conflicts like the Battle of Wakanda and the final battle against [[thanos|Thanos]]. Their connection to the team forms their superhero bonafides.
  *   **[[us_air_force|United States Air Force]]:** Sam's military service is a core part of his MCU identity, providing his training, worldview, and the origin of his Falcon technology.
  *   **[[hydra|HYDRA]] (Bucky, involuntary):** For over 70 years, Bucky was HYDRA's most feared weapon. His entire existence was tied to the evil organization, and breaking free from that history and atoning for it is his life's mission.
  *   **[[wakanda|Wakanda]]:** Bucky owes his freedom and sanity to Wakanda. The nation provided him refuge and the scientific genius of Shuri to deprogram him. He maintains a close, respectful relationship with the Wakandans, particularly the Dora Milaje. They also provide Sam with his new Captain America suit, signifying their endorsement of the new era.
===== Part 5: Iconic Events & Storylines =====
=== MCU: The Falcon and The Winter Soldier (Series) ===
This six-episode series is the defining event for the duo. The plot forces them to move past their superficial acquaintance into a deep partnership. The story's primary arc is Sam's journey to accepting the shield. He initially rejects it, believing no one can or should replace Steve Rogers, and is deeply troubled by the complex history of the shield and what it represents. He is forced to confront the hidden history of **Isaiah Bradley**, a Black super-soldier who was experimented on, imprisoned, and erased from history. Understanding this injustice becomes the catalyst for Sam to realize that he cannot allow that legacy to be forgotten; instead, he must take up the mantle to redefine it and represent a more inclusive, truthful version of America. Bucky's arc is one of atonement. He carries a book with the names of all the people he needs to make amends to, but he struggles with the fact that simply saying sorry isn't enough. His friendship with Sam pushes him to move beyond just crossing off names and to engage in true, difficult reconciliation, culminating in his confession to Yori Nakajima that he killed his son as the Winter Soldier. The series ends with Sam fully embracing his new role, debuting a new suit, and the show's title card changing to //Captain America and The Winter Soldier//.
=== Comics: The Death of Captain America (2007) ===
Written by Ed Brubaker, this storyline is a seminal moment for Bucky Barnes. Following the //Civil War//, Steve Rogers is assassinated on the steps of a courthouse. In the ensuing chaos, Tony Stark, then Director of S.H.I.E.L.D., convinces a reluctant Bucky Barnes to become the new Captain America, fulfilling a request Steve had left behind. Bucky's tenure was markedly different; he was a more brutal, grim Captain America, comfortable using firearms and lethal force when necessary. This story cemented Bucky's transformation from a villain back into a hero, forcing him to confront his past while honoring his best friend's legacy in the only way he knew how. It established him as a worthy successor, a theme that echoes in his MCU journey of self-worth.
=== Comics: Sam Wilson: Captain America (2015) ===
As part of the //All-New, All-Different Marvel// initiative, Sam Wilson's time as Captain America was explored in a series written by Nick Spencer. An elderly Steve Rogers personally passed the shield to Sam. This series was highly political, tackling contemporary social issues head-on. Sam's Captain America was a man of the people, which often put him in direct conflict with the U.S. government and S.H.I.E.L.D. He fought for immigrants' rights, exposed corporate corruption, and dealt with public backlash from those who refused to accept a Black Captain America, leading to the viral hashtag #NotMyCaptainAmerica. This comic run heavily influenced the themes and conflicts Sam faces in the MCU series, particularly his navigation of the racial and political complexities of the mantle.
===== Part 6: Variants and Alternative Versions =====
  *   **Earth-1610 (Ultimate Universe):**
  * **Sam Wilson:** In the Ultimate Universe, Sam Wilson is not the Falcon. He is a brilliant scientist and S.H.I.E.L.D. agent who is part of the team that reverse-engineers the Super-Soldier Serum. He is highly intelligent but not a costumed adventurer.
  * **Bucky Barnes:** The Ultimate version of Bucky is much older than Steve Rogers and was his childhood friend. He was a news photographer during WWII and seemingly died, but later returns as a villainous figure, having made deals to gain power. This version is far more tragic and less heroic than his Earth-616 counterpart.
  *   **Earth-295 (Age of Apocalypse):** In this dark, alternate reality ruled by Apocalypse, Sam Wilson is not the Falcon but a member of the Human High Council's resistance fighters. He is a weapons designer known as "The Dead Man" due to his uncanny ability to survive suicide missions.
  *   **Golden Age Bucky (Retconned):** The original Bucky from the 1940s comics was a cheerful, wisecracking teenage sidekick. When Stan Lee brought Captain America back in //The Avengers// #4, he established that Bucky had died in the war. The modern Winter Soldier storyline is a retcon (retrospective continuity change) that reconciles the lighthearted Golden Age character with the dark, modern-day assassin.
  *   **//Avengers: Earth's Mightiest Heroes// (Animated Series):** Both Falcon and the Winter Soldier appear in this critically acclaimed series. Bucky's story closely follows the Ed Brubaker comics: he is believed dead, returns as the brainwashed Winter Soldier working for Red Skull, and is eventually saved by Captain America. Falcon is introduced as a new recruit for the Avengers, using advanced Stark-tech wings.
===== See Also =====
  * [[steve_rogers|Steve Rogers (Captain America)]]
  * [[captain_america_the_winter_soldier]]
  * [[captain_america_civil_war]]
  * [[us_agent|John Walker (U.S. Agent)]]
  * [[baron_zemo]]
  * [[isaiah_bradley]]
  * [[super-soldier_serum|Super-Soldier Serum]]
===== Notes and Trivia =====
((The character of Isaiah Bradley, who plays a pivotal role in Sam's decision to take the shield in the MCU, was first introduced in the 2003 comic miniseries //Truth: Red, White & Black//. This series revealed a secret, parallel history of the Super-Soldier program where the U.S. government tested experimental serums on 300 African American soldiers against their will.))
((In the comics, Bucky's cybernetic arm has been destroyed and replaced numerous times by figures like Nick Fury, Black Panther, and even Doctor Doom during a brief time Bucky worked for him.))
((The MCU activation words for the Winter Soldier are a sequence of ten Russian words: "Longing," "Rusted," "Seventeen," "Daybreak," "Furnace," "Nine," "Benign," "Homecoming," "One," "Freight Car." Saying these in order would activate his brainwashing.))
((The creative team for //The Falcon and The Winter Soldier// intentionally designed the show to have the feel of a six-hour buddy-cop action movie, drawing inspiration from films like ''48 Hrs.'' and ''Lethal Weapon''.))
((In the comics, Joaquin Torres becomes the new Falcon after being experimented on by the Serpent Society, which results in him being turned into a human-falcon hybrid with real wings and a psychic link to Sam's falcon, Redwing.))
((The fictional nation of Madripoor, featured heavily in the series, is a classic location from the X-Men comics, particularly Wolverine's solo adventures. Its inclusion in the series was a significant moment for connecting different corners of the Marvel universe.))