====== Nick Fury ======
===== Part 1: The Dossier: An At-a-Glance Summary =====
  * **Core Identity: **Colonel Nicholas Joseph "Nick" Fury is the quintessential super-spy of the Marvel Universe, a master strategist and covert operator whose machinations have shaped global events for decades, most notably as the indomitable Director of [[shield|S.H.I.E.L.D.]]
  * **Key Takeaways:**
  * **Role in the Universe:** Fury is the "Man on the Wall," the ultimate protector operating in the shadows. Whether leading the [[howling_commandos|Howling Commandos]] in World War II, directing the global intelligence agency [[shield|S.H.I.E.L.D.]], or assembling the [[avengers|Avengers]], his purpose is to defend Earth from threats it cannot see coming, using methods others will not.
  *  **Primary Impact:** He is the architect of the modern superhero era. In most continuities, it is Fury's foresight, paranoia, and sheer force of will that organizes disparate heroes into a cohesive fighting force, most famously the Avengers. His influence bridges the gap between traditional military operations and the world of super-powered beings.
  *  **Key Incarnations:** The two primary versions of Nick Fury are drastically different. The original **Earth-616** character is a white, grizzled veteran of World War II whose aging was halted by the Infinity Formula. The **Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU)** version is an African American, modern-day spymaster whose appearance and personality are famously based on actor Samuel L. Jackson, a concept which first originated in the Ultimate Universe (Earth-1610) comics.
===== Part 2: Origin and Evolution =====
==== Publication History and Creation ====
Nick Fury's debut was not as a high-tech spy, but as a salt-of-the-earth soldier. Created by the legendary duo of writer **Stan Lee** and artist **Jack Kirby**, he first appeared in `//Sgt. Fury and his Howling Commandos #1//` in May 1963. The series was a World War II combat-adventure, capitalizing on the popularity of war comics at the time. Fury was the cigar-chomping, tough-as-nails leader of an elite, ethnically diverse U.S. Army Ranger unit. The series was a massive success, establishing Fury as a key character of Marvel's Silver Age.
A few years later, in a move that would define the character's legacy, Lee and Kirby reimagined Fury for the modern day. In `//Strange Tales #135//` (August 1965), they introduced "Nick Fury, Agent of S.H.I.E.L.D." This new take transformed the WWII sergeant into a James Bond-esque superspy, complete with an eyepatch, high-tech gadgets, and the leadership of a vast espionage organization. This version, particularly the visually groundbreaking run by artist **Jim Steranko**, cemented Fury's status as Marvel's premier spymaster, blending the burgeoning spy-fi genre with the superhero universe. This dual history—gritty soldier and suave spy—is central to understanding the character's depth.
==== In-Universe Origin Story ====
The origin of Nick Fury is one of the most distinct and divergent narratives between the primary comic universe and the blockbuster cinematic adaptation. Understanding both is crucial to grasping his full identity.
=== Earth-616 (Prime Comic Universe) ===
Nicholas Joseph Fury was born and raised in the hard-knock neighborhood of Hell's Kitchen, New York City, during the 1920s. Along with his friends "Red" Hargrove and the Taggert brothers, he became a gifted athlete and street fighter. When the United States entered World War II following the attack on Pearl Harbor, Fury and his friends enlisted in the U.S. Army. During his training, he came under the command of Lieutenant Samuel "Happy Sam" Sawyer, who recognized Fury's exceptional leadership qualities.
Sawyer selected Fury to lead a special squad of hand-picked rangers for a series of high-stakes missions. This unit, officially the 1st Attack Squad, became famously known as the **[[howling_commandos]]**. This elite team, featuring notable members like Timothy "Dum Dum" Dugan and Gabriel "Gabe" Jones, became legendary for their exploits behind enemy lines, frequently clashing with Nazi forces, including the Red Skull and Baron Wolfgang von Strucker. It was during a mission in France that Fury was gravely injured by a grenade, which was the initial cause of the vision loss that would eventually necessitate his iconic eyepatch years later.
Near the end of the war, Fury was critically wounded by a landmine. He was found and treated by a French doctor, Professor Berthold Sternberg, who administered an experimental treatment called the **Infinity Formula**. While it saved his life, the formula had a profound, unforeseen side effect: it dramatically slowed his aging process to a near-standstill. This biological quirk allowed Fury to remain a man in his physical prime for the entirety of the 20th century and beyond.
After the war, Fury joined the Office of Strategic Services (O.S.S.), the precursor to the Central Intelligence Agency (C.I.A.). He spent years as a globe-trotting intelligence agent, engaging in the murky world of Cold War espionage. His expertise and effectiveness eventually brought him to the attention of the creators of a new, technologically advanced international intelligence and security agency: the **S**upreme **H**eadquarters, **I**nternational **E**spionage, **L**aw-Enforcement **D**ivision, or [[shield|S.H.I.E.L.D.]] Fury was appointed its Public Director and became the face and driving force of the organization for decades, transforming it into Earth's primary line of defense against threats ranging from [[hydra|Hydra]] and A.I.M. to alien invasions.
A significant modern development is the introduction of his previously unknown son, **Marcus Johnson**. An African American Army Ranger, Marcus discovered his father was the legendary Nick Fury. After being targeted by enemies of his father, Marcus lost his left eye, joined S.H.I.E.L.D., and took the name Nick Fury Jr., becoming the primary "Nick Fury" active in the field, bearing a strong resemblance to his MCU counterpart. The original Fury, following the events of `//Original Sin//`, was transformed into **The Unseen**, a cosmic entity chained to the moon to observe and catalog universal events, replacing the murdered Watcher, Uatu.
=== Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) ===
The origin of the MCU's Nick Fury is radically different, stripped of its World War II roots and re-contextualized for a modern timeline. This version of Fury, portrayed by Samuel L. Jackson, was born in Huntsville, Alabama. He joined the U.S. Army, rising to the rank of Colonel, and later transitioned to the C.I.A. during the Cold War, where he excelled as a master spy.
His worldview and career trajectory were irrevocably altered in 1995, as depicted in `//Captain Marvel//`. At the time a mid-level S.H.I.E.L.D. agent, Fury encountered the Kree warrior Vers (Carol Danvers) and became embroiled in the interstellar conflict between the Kree and the Skrulls. This event was his "first contact" with both extraterrestrial life and super-powered individuals. It taught him that the threats Earth faced were far greater than he had ever imagined. During this time, he befriended the Skrull refugee Goose, who was actually a highly dangerous alien known as a Flerken. In a moment of affection, Goose scratched Fury's left eye, causing a severe and permanent injury that Fury would later obscure with his signature eyepatch, claiming it was the result of a far more heroic confrontation.
Inspired by Carol Danvers' heroism, Fury came to believe that Earth needed a response team of similarly remarkable individuals. He drafted a proposal for a new defense protocol, codenamed "The Protector Initiative." After seeing Danvers' old callsign "Avenger" on the side of her fighter jet, he renamed the project **"The Avengers Initiative."**
Fury climbed the ranks of S.H.I.E.L.D., eventually becoming its Director. From this position of power, he meticulously monitored and evaluated potential candidates for his team, including Tony Stark (Iron Man) and Steve Rogers (Captain America). He orchestrated the formation of the Avengers to combat Loki's invasion of New York. Unlike his comic counterpart, this Fury's longevity is not due to any formula; he ages normally. His power comes not from superhuman abilities, but from information, influence, and an unwavering commitment to his mission. After S.H.I.E.L.D.'s collapse due to its infiltration by [[hydra|Hydra]] in `//Captain America: The Winter Soldier//`, Fury went underground, operating in the shadows and leveraging a vast network of contacts to continue protecting the world, later re-emerging to help found the space-based defense station, S.A.B.E.R.
===== Part 3: Abilities, Equipment & Personality =====
=== Earth-616 (Prime Comic Universe) ===
  *   **Abilities & Skills:**
  *  **Infinity Formula:** The single most important factor in Fury's long career. The formula, administered by Dr. Sternberg, drastically slows his cellular degeneration, making him age at an almost imperceptible rate. This grants him a lifespan of well over a century while maintaining the physical vitality of a man in his prime.
  *  **Peak Human Conditioning:** Fury is a man at the zenith of human physical and mental potential. He is an Olympic-level athlete and a seasoned hand-to-hand combatant, master of multiple martial arts including Tae Kwon Do, Boxing, and Jiu-Jitsu.
  *  **Master Tactician and Strategist:** Fury's greatest weapon is his mind. He is one of the most brilliant military and espionage strategists on Earth, capable of out-thinking super-geniuses, cosmic entities, and rival spymasters. His "contingency plans have contingency plans."
  *  **Expert Marksman and Weapons Specialist:** Proficient with nearly every firearm imaginable, from his standard sidearm to advanced S.H.I.E.L.D. energy weapons.
  *  **Master of Espionage:** A world-class spy, expert in infiltration, interrogation, disguise, and psychological manipulation.
  *  **The Unseen (Post-Original Sin):** As the being known as The Unseen, Fury possesses a form of cosmic awareness, chained to the moon, able to observe any event happening in the universe. He is invisible and intangible unless he chooses to be seen, and wields a fraction of the Power Cosmic.
  *   **Equipment:**
  *  **S.H.I.E.L.D. Uniform:** Composed of 9-ply Kevlar, making it resistant to ballistic impact and temperature extremes.
  *  **Iconic Eyepatch:** While primarily functional, it has at times housed sophisticated technology, such as cameras or data links.
  *  **High-Tech Weaponry:** Carries a variety of firearms, most commonly a .15 caliber needle gun that fires specialized ammunition, and other advanced S.H.I.E.L.D. sidearms.
  *  **Life-Model Decoys (LMDs):** Fury is a prolific user of LMDs—incredibly lifelike androids that are perfect duplicates of himself. He uses them constantly as decoys, for dangerous missions, and to sow misinformation, contributing to his legendary paranoia and unpredictability. How many times has Nick Fury died? The answer is complicated by the constant use of LMDs.
  *  **The S.H.I.E.L.D. Helicarrier:** His mobile command center, a flying aircraft carrier that serves as the ultimate symbol of S.H.I.E.L.D.'s power and global reach.
  *   **Personality:**
The original Nick Fury is defined by his experience in WWII. He is gruff, cynical, and deeply world-weary. He has seen the worst of humanity and expects it at every turn. He is intensely paranoid, trusting almost no one completely, not even his closest allies like [[captain_america|Captain America]]. This paranoia, however, is often justified. He is a master manipulator who believes the ends justify the means, and he will make morally compromising decisions without hesitation if he believes it serves the greater good of protecting Earth. Despite his hardened exterior, he is fiercely loyal to the soldiers and agents under his command.
=== Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) ===
  *   **Abilities & Skills:**
  *  **No Superhuman Abilities:** The MCU Fury possesses no Infinity Formula or superhuman powers. He is an ordinary human whose skills are the product of decades of intense training and field experience.
  *  **Master Spy and Intelligence Analyst:** His primary ability is his unparalleled skill in espionage. He has an almost preternatural ability to gather intelligence, predict enemy movements, and manipulate individuals and organizations. His network of contacts is global, if not galactic.
  *  **Expert Tactician:** While perhaps less of a battlefield commander than his 616 counterpart, he is a brilliant strategist, proven by his orchestration of the Avengers' formation and his ability to dismantle Hydra from the shadows.
  *  **Expert Marksman:** Highly proficient with conventional firearms.
  *   **Equipment:**
  *  **Standard S.H.I.E.L.D. Gear:** Utilizes standard-issue S.H.I.E.L.D. body armor and sidearms, such as a Smith & Wesson M&P.
  *  **The Destroyer Gun:** After the events of `//The Avengers//`, he reverse-engineered the Asgardian Destroyer's technology into a powerful energy weapon, which he used to take down Hydra agents.
  *  **Captain Marvel's Pager:** A specially modified pager that allowed him to send a distress signal to [[captain_marvel|Carol Danvers]] across vast cosmic distances—his ultimate emergency call.
  *  **Toolbox:** A device containing all of S.H.I.E.L.D.'s most vital and dangerous secrets, entrusted to Phil Coulson after Fury's "death."
  *   **Personality:**
Samuel L. Jackson's portrayal gives this Fury a cooler, more charismatic demeanor than his comic book origin. He is still deeply secretive and a master manipulator, but he masks it with a layer of dry wit and unflappable confidence. He is less of a grizzled soldier and more of a modern intelligence director—calm, calculating, and always several steps ahead of everyone else in the room. He can be intimidating and ruthless when necessary, but he also shows moments of genuine warmth and mentorship, particularly with agents like Phil Coulson and Maria Hill. His core belief remains the same: that a small group of dedicated people can save the world, but he's the one who has to get them in the right room, often by any means necessary.
===== Part 4: Key Relationships & Network =====
==== Core Allies ====
  *   **Captain America (Steve Rogers):** In both universes, Fury's relationship with Captain America is a cornerstone of his story. In the comics, they are brothers-in-arms from WWII, a bond of shared history that grounds Fury. In the MCU, Fury sees Rogers as the moral center and foundational piece of the Avengers. The relationship is defined by mutual respect but also by a fundamental ideological clash: Fury's pragmatic, often deceptive methods versus Rogers' unwavering idealism.
  *   **Maria Hill:** Fury's most trusted and capable subordinate. As Deputy Director of S.H.I.E.L.D., she is often the one person privy to his true plans. Their relationship is strictly professional but built on a foundation of absolute trust and shared purpose. She is pragmatic and ruthless enough to understand and execute Fury's most difficult orders.
  *   **Dum Dum Dugan:** (Earth-616) Timothy Dugan is Fury's oldest and closest friend, his second-in-command in the Howling Commandos. Their bond was forged in the trenches of WWII. Dum Dum represents a link to a simpler, more black-and-white time for Fury, a rare individual with whom he could lower his guard.
  *   **Phil Coulson:** (MCU) Coulson was Fury's right-hand man and his most loyal agent. Fury viewed him as the heart and soul of S.H.I.E.L.D. Coulson's apparent death at the hands of Loki was the catalyst Fury used to galvanize the Avengers into action. Fury's decision to secretly resurrect Coulson using Project T.A.H.I.T.I. was a massive risk, demonstrating the depth of his personal investment in his agent.
==== Arch-Enemies ====
  *   **Hydra:** The ultimate antithesis to Fury's S.H.I.E.L.D. In the comics, this is a personal, lifelong war, with Baron von Strucker as his most persistent nemesis from WWII onward. In the MCU, the conflict is even more insidious, as Hydra secretly grew within S.H.I.E.L.D. itself. The revelation of this infiltration, orchestrated by his supposed friend Alexander Pierce, represents Fury's single greatest failure and led to the complete destruction of his life's work.
  *   **The Skrulls:** This relationship is complex. During the `//Secret Invasion//` storyline in both comics and the MCU, the shape-shifting Skrulls represent a paranoid spymaster's worst nightmare—an enemy who could be anyone. In the comics, Fury's paranoia allowed him to prepare for this, activating his Secret Warriors. In the MCU, the relationship is more nuanced; while some Skrulls led by Gravik are antagonists, Fury has a long-standing alliance with others, like Talos, blurring the lines between friend and foe.
==== Affiliations ====
  *   **[[shield|S.H.I.E.L.D.]]:** Nick Fury is synonymous with S.H.I.E.L.D. As its longest-serving director, he built the organization into the most powerful intelligence network on the planet. For him, S.H.I.E.L.D. was more than a job; it was the physical manifestation of his mission to protect Earth.
  *   **[[howling_commandos|Howling Commandos]]:** (Earth-616) His first command and his first family. The bonds he forged with this unit during WWII defined his leadership style and his sense of duty for the rest of his life.
  *   **[[avengers|The Avengers]]:** Fury is the father of the Avengers. In the MCU, he conceived of, recruited for, and assembled the team. In the comics, he acted as S.H.I.E.L.D.'s primary liaison to the team for years, providing them with funding, transportation (the Quinjets), and intelligence. He views them as the world's ultimate weapon, a necessary but volatile "collection of freaks" that he must manage and direct.
  *   **[[secret_warriors|Secret Warriors]]:** (Earth-616) When Fury was forced to go underground after the events of `//Secret War//`, he activated his own personal team of super-powered sleeper agents, known as the Secret Warriors. This team, led by the young agent Daisy Johnson (Quake), was loyal only to him and was instrumental in fighting the Skrull and Hydra threats when S.H.I.E.L.D. was compromised.
===== Part 5: Iconic Events & Storylines =====
=== Nick Fury, Agent of S.H.I.E.L.D. (Steranko Era, 1960s) ===
Following his reintroduction in `//Strange Tales//`, artist-writer Jim Steranko took the helm and revolutionized the character. Steranko's run introduced a groundbreaking, psychedelic art style and a cinematic storytelling pace. This era defined Fury's world: the high-tech gadgets, the flying cars, the formidable Helicarrier, and his eternal war against organizations like Hydra and A.I.M. It established his key supporting cast, including Dum Dum Dugan and Contessa Valentina Allegra de Fontaine, and solidified Fury as the "James Bond" of the Marvel Universe.
=== Secret War (2004) ===
This pivotal, dark storyline written by Brian Michael Bendis revealed the lengths to which Fury would go to protect the United States. Discovering that a collective of tech-based supervillains were being secretly funded by the Latverian government, Fury was denied permission to act by the U.S. President. Believing the threat to be imminent, Fury assembled a small, hand-picked team of heroes (including Captain America, Spider-Man, and Wolverine) for an unsanctioned, off-the-books invasion of Latveria. He then mind-wiped the heroes to cover his tracks. A year later, the Latverian reprisal devastated New York. When his actions were exposed, Fury became an international fugitive, forcing him to abandon S.H.I.E.L.D. and go deep underground. This event permanently fractured his relationship with many heroes and set the stage for the next decade of his stories.
=== Secret Invasion (2008) ===
Fury's paranoia was spectacularly vindicated during the Skrull invasion of Earth. While the official hero community and S.H.I.E.L.D. (then run by Tony Stark) were caught completely off-guard by the widespread infiltration of Skrull sleeper agents, Fury had been preparing for this exact scenario for years. Emerging from hiding, he activated his Secret Warriors, a new generation of super-powered agents loyal only to him. Fury and his team were critical in turning the tide of the invasion, proving that even without S.H.I.E.L.D., he was still Earth's greatest protector.
=== Original Sin (2014) ===
This event served as a finale for the classic Nick Fury. When the cosmic being Uatu, The Watcher, is murdered on the moon, Fury emerges to lead the investigation. It is eventually revealed that Fury himself is the killer. He explains that for decades, he has been acting as Earth's secret, solitary "Man on the Wall," single-handedly and brutally neutralizing cosmic, demonic, and subterranean threats before they could reach the planet. His Infinity Formula was failing, and he sought to find a successor. He killed Uatu to prevent him from revealing his dark secrets. As punishment, the other Watchers condemn Fury, binding him to the moon, cursed to be a powerless, chained observer of all that happens on Earth—The Unseen. This marked the definitive end of the original Nick Fury's story as an active agent and paved the way for his son, Nick Fury Jr., to take his place.
===== Part 6: Variants and Alternative Versions =====
  *   **Ultimate Nick Fury (Earth-1610):** Arguably the most influential alternate version, this Nick Fury, created by Mark Millar and Bryan Hitch for `//The Ultimates//`, served as the direct blueprint for the MCU character. General Nick Fury of this universe is an African American man whose appearance was explicitly based on Samuel L. Jackson (with the actor's permission). He is the pragmatic, militaristic Director of S.H.I.E.L.D. who assembles the Ultimates, a state-sponsored superhero team. He is far more ruthless and morally gray than even his 616 counterpart, viewing superheroes as weapons of mass destruction to be deployed in the interests of American foreign policy.
  *   **Nick Fury Jr. (Marcus Johnson, Earth-616):** To align the comics more closely with the popular MCU films, Marvel introduced Marcus Johnson in the 2012 `//Battle Scars//` miniseries. An African American sergeant in the U.S. Army, Marcus discovers he is the secret son of Nick Fury. After losing his left eye in a battle, he is recruited into S.H.I.E.L.D. and adopts his father's name. He now serves as the primary Nick Fury in the main comic universe, allowing Marvel to feature a character who visually matches the cinematic version.
  *   **`Nick Fury: Agent of S.H.I.E.L.D.` (1998 TV Movie):** In this live-action adaptation, Nick Fury was portrayed by David Hasselhoff. This version was a retired, but still legendary, agent of S.H.I.E.L.D. who is brought back into service to stop Hydra, led by the children of Baron von Strucker, from attacking Manhattan with a deadly virus. The film blended elements of the classic 616 comics with a 90s action movie aesthetic.
  *   **Skrull Impersonator (MCU):** For a period of time after the events of `//Avengers: Endgame//`, the Nick Fury seen on Earth (notably in `//Spider-Man: Far From Home//`) was actually the Skrull General Talos in disguise, acting on the real Fury's orders. The true Fury was commanding the S.A.B.E.R. space station, showcasing the depth of his trust in his Skrull allies and his preference for operating from the deepest possible shadows.
===== See Also =====
  * [[shield|S.H.I.E.L.D.]]
  * [[avengers|The Avengers]]
  * [[captain_america|Captain America (Steve Rogers)]]
  * [[hydra|Hydra]]
  * [[secret_invasion|Secret Invasion]]
  * [[howling_commandos|Howling Commandos]]
===== Notes and Trivia =====
((The Infinity Formula was created by Professor Berthold Sternberg, and Fury had to receive annual booster shots for it to remain effective. His failure to get these boosters is what led to its eventual decay in the `Original Sin` storyline.))
((In `//The Ultimates//` comics, when the team discusses who would play them in a movie, Nick Fury remarks that it would be "Samuel L. Jackson, no doubt about it." This inside joke became a reality when Jackson was cast for the role in the MCU.))
((The reason for Fury losing his eye varies wildly across continuities. In the mainstream comics, it was a slow degradation resulting from a shrapnel wound in WWII. In the Ultimate Universe, he lost it during the Gulf War. In the MCU, it was comically scratched out by the Flerken, Goose.))
((The full acronym for S.H.I.E.L.D. has changed over the years. It was originally "Supreme Headquarters, International Espionage, Law-Enforcement Division." It was later changed in the comics and used in the MCU as "Strategic Homeland Intervention, Enforcement and Logistics Division." In the TV show `//Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.//`, a third meaning, "Strategic Hazard Intervention Espionage Logistics Directorate," was also used.))
((The original concept for `Sgt. Fury and his Howling Commandos` was reportedly the result of a bet between Stan Lee and his publisher, Martin Goodman, that the Lee/Kirby team could make a comic with the worst title imaginable a bestseller. They succeeded.))
((Key Reading/Viewing List: `Sgt. Fury and his Howling Commandos #1` (First Appearance), `Strange Tales #135` (First Appearance as Agent of S.H.I.E.L.D.), `Secret War (2004)`, `Secret Invasion (2008)`, `Original Sin (2014)`. Key Films: `Iron Man` (2008), `The Avengers` (2012), `Captain America: The Winter Soldier` (2014), `Captain Marvel` (2019).))