====== Reed Richards ======
===== Part 1: The Dossier: An At-a-Glance Summary =====
  *   **Core Identity:** **Reed Richards is Mister Fantastic, the brilliant, elastic leader of the [[fantastic_four]] whose superhuman intellect is both humanity's greatest asset and, at times, his own most profound weakness.**
  *   **Key Takeaways:**
  * **Role in the Universe:** He is universally recognized as one of the smartest, if not //the// smartest, human beings in the Marvel Universe. Reed serves as Earth's premier super-scientist, inventor, and explorer, a first line of defense against cosmic, extra-dimensional, and technological threats. He is a founding member of both the [[fantastic_four]] and the clandestine [[illuminati]].
  * **Primary Impact:** Richards' inventions have fundamentally altered the world, from the creation of unstable molecules that allow superhero costumes to adapt to powers, to discovering the Negative Zone. His greatest impact, however, is his philosophy of using science to "solve everything," a drive that has saved the multiverse but has also led him to make ethically questionable decisions, most notably during the [[civil_war_(comics)|Superhuman Civil War]].
  * **Key Incarnations:** In the Earth-616 comics, he is a central, long-standing figure with a wife and two children, defined by a decades-long struggle to balance family with his obsessive scientific pursuits. The Marvel Cinematic Universe has primarily featured an alternate-reality version (from Earth-838) as a member of the Illuminati, portraying him as an established, confident, but ultimately vulnerable hero, with the prime MCU version yet to be fully established.
===== Part 2: Origin and Evolution =====
==== Publication History and Creation ====
Reed Richards, alongside the rest of the Fantastic Four, burst onto the scene in **//The Fantastic Four// #1**, dated November 1961. He was co-created by the legendary duo of writer-editor [[stan_lee]] and artist-plotter [[jack_kirby]]. Their creation marked a pivotal moment in comic book history, heralding the "Marvel Age of Comics."
Unlike the flawless, god-like heroes of the preceding era, Richards and his team were designed to be a complex, dysfunctional, and relatable family unit. Reed was conceived as the brilliant but emotionally distant patriarch. Stan Lee has stated he drew inspiration for Reed's stretching powers from DC Comics' Plastic Man, but wanted to ground the character in a more scientific and serious context. Kirby's dynamic artwork gave Reed's elasticity a sense of power, weight, and sometimes even body horror, establishing a visual language that has defined the character for decades. The creation of the Fantastic Four was Marvel's answer to the super-teams like DC's Justice League, but with a unique focus on exploration, science fiction, and internal family drama, a formula that would become a cornerstone of the Marvel Universe.
==== In-Universe Origin Story ====
The origin of Reed Richards' powers is a classic tale of scientific ambition and cosmic accident. However, the specifics of this origin, its context, and its consequences differ between the primary comic universe and its cinematic counterpart.
=== Earth-616 (Prime Comic Universe) ===
In the prime Marvel continuity, Reed Richards was a child prodigy with a staggering intellect. He was a brilliant college student at State University when he first met and befriended his classmate, a burly football star and pilot named [[ben_grimm]]. The two became inseparable. Later, while attending Columbia University, Reed rented a room in a boarding house owned by the aunt of a young woman named [[susan_storm]]. Reed was instantly smitten with Sue, who was herself fascinated by his incredible mind.
Driven by the dream of interstellar travel, Reed poured his government funding and personal fortune into the construction of an experimental starship. When the government threatened to pull funding and replace his crew, Reed made a fateful and reckless decision. He convinced a reluctant Ben Grimm to pilot the ship on an unsanctioned test flight before the project could be shut down. Sue Storm and her hot-headed younger brother, [[johnny_storm]], insisted on joining them.
The four launched into space, but Reed had made a critical miscalculation. The ship's shielding was insufficient to protect them from the intense, unknown cosmic radiation they encountered in the Van Allen belt. Bombarded by these rays, the ship's systems failed, forcing them to crash-land back on Earth. They emerged from the wreckage miraculously alive, but irrevocably changed. Reed found his body had become malleable and could stretch to incredible lengths, earning him the name **Mister Fantastic**. Sue gained the ability to turn invisible and project force fields, becoming the [[susan_storm|Invisible Woman]]. Johnny could engulf himself in flames and fly as the [[johnny_storm|Human Torch]]. Ben Grimm's transformation was the most tragic; he was mutated into a monstrous being of orange rock with superhuman strength, becoming the [[ben_grimm|Thing]]. Bound by their shared trauma and incredible new powers, Reed organized the four into a team dedicated to using their abilities for the good of humanity: the **Fantastic Four**. This event, while a scientific failure, became the unlikely birth of Marvel's First Family.
=== Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) ===
As of now, the origin of the prime Reed Richards within the main MCU timeline (designated Earth-616, though sometimes referred to as Earth-199999 by fans) has not been depicted. However, an alternate-reality version of the character has made a significant appearance.
In the film **//Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness// (2022)**, a version of Reed Richards from **Earth-838** is introduced. Played by actor John Krasinski, this Mister Fantastic is presented as a seasoned hero and a founding member of his world's preeminent superhero council, the [[illuminati]]. This version of Reed is already a husband and father, and his origin is implied to be similar to his comic counterpart's, involving the formation of the Fantastic Four, who are celebrated as global heroes in his reality.
The narrative provides key distinctions from the comics. This Reed is part of a collective that successfully defeated their universe's Thanos, using the Book of Vishanti. Their Illuminati is a public-facing and seemingly more effective governing body than the secretive one from the comics. This Reed's confidence borders on arrogance, as he dismisses Wanda Maximoff (the Scarlet Witch of Earth-616) as a manageable threat, a miscalculation that costs him and the rest of the Illuminati their lives. He is brutally killed when Wanda uses her reality-warping powers to shred his elastic body into ribbons.
This appearance serves as a major introduction of the character concept to the MCU, but his gruesome death ensures that the primary MCU version will have a different story. The upcoming **//The Fantastic Four//** film is expected to detail the origin of the MCU's core Reed Richards, though details on how it will differ from the comics—perhaps involving the Quantum Realm, interdimensional travel, or a different catalyst than cosmic rays—remain a subject of intense speculation.
===== Part 3: Abilities, Equipment & Personality =====
Reed Richards' primary "power" is his mind, but his physical abilities and the technology he creates from that intellect make him one of the most formidable beings on the planet.
=== Earth-616 (Prime Comic Universe) ===
==== Powers and Abilities ====
  * **Superhuman Elasticity:** Reed's primary superhuman ability is the power to convert the mass of his entire body into a highly malleable, pliable state at will. He can stretch, deform, expand, or compress his body into any form he can imagine.
    *   //Stretching & Reshaping:// He can stretch his limbs for miles, flatten himself to be paper-thin to slip under a door, or form his body into shapes like parachutes, trampolines, or inflatable rafts. He often contorts his hands into complex tools or maces for combat.
    *   //Superhuman Durability:// His elastic form is incredibly resilient to physical damage. Bullets and projectiles often ricochet off him. He can absorb the force of massive impacts, explosions, and falls that would kill an ordinary human. However, he is vulnerable to extreme temperatures, punctures, and certain energy frequencies.
    *   //Containment:// He can use his body to envelop and contain powerful opponents or even massive explosions, absorbing and redirecting the energy.
  * **Superhuman Intellect:** This is his true signature ability. Reed's mind operates on a level far beyond that of a normal genius. He is a polymath with near-unparalleled expertise in virtually every field of science, including:
    *   //Physics & Engineering:// He is the world's foremost authority on extra-dimensional travel, space travel, alien technology, and temporal mechanics. He designed and built the [[fantasticar]], portals to the Negative Zone, and countless other devices.
    *   //Biology & Chemistry:// He is the creator of **unstable molecules**, a substance that adapts to the wearer's powers, which is the basis for most superhero costumes in the Marvel Universe. He has also cured countless alien diseases and analyzed superhuman physiologies.
    *   //Computer Science & Robotics:// He has designed some of the most advanced A.I.s and robots on the planet, including H.E.R.B.I.E. and the logic-synthesizer used to challenge Galactus.
==== Key Equipment and Inventions ====
  * **The Fantasticar:** The team's primary mode of transport. The most famous version (Mark II) is a flying vehicle that can separate into four individual platforms, all of which are mentally controlled by their pilots.
  * **Unstable Molecules:** The material used to create the Fantastic Four's costumes. It can adapt to their powers without being damaged (stretching with Reed, burning with Johnny, remaining intact for Ben).
  * **The Negative Zone Portal:** A gateway in the Baxter Building that leads to a dangerous antimatter universe. It is a source of immense scientific discovery but also a frequent entry point for threats like [[annihilus]] and Blastaar.
  * **The Baxter Building:** The high-tech headquarters of the Fantastic Four, located in Manhattan. It contains Reed's labs, living quarters, and countless inventions and defense systems.
  * **H.E.R.B.I.E. (Highly Engineered Robot Bypassing Independent ExistencE):** A small, floating robot originally designed to help search for [[galactus]]. Multiple versions have been built, often serving as a lab assistant and caretaker for his children.
==== Personality and Weaknesses ====
Reed's greatest strength, his intellect, is also the source of his greatest weakness. He is pathologically driven by the need to understand and "solve everything." This often leads to:
  * **Emotional Distancing:** He frequently becomes so absorbed in his work that he neglects his family, particularly his wife, Sue. This emotional coldness and intellectual arrogance have been the source of immense friction in their marriage.
  * **Intellectual Arrogance:** Reed often believes he knows best, leading him to make unilateral decisions with global consequences, such as his involvement with the Illuminati and his pro-registration stance during the Civil War.
  * **Overthinking:** He can become paralyzed by analysis, attempting to calculate every variable while a more direct solution is needed. His arch-nemesis, [[doctor_doom]], often exploits this by combining his own genius with decisive, ruthless action.
=== Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) ===
Analysis of the MCU Reed Richards is limited to his Earth-838 incarnation.
==== Powers and Abilities ====
The Earth-838 version's elasticity appeared to be identical to his comic book counterpart. He demonstrated the ability to stretch his limbs to restrain Doctor Strange and contort his body. His durability, however, was shown to have a horrifying limit. When faced with the overwhelming magical power of the Scarlet Witch, his body was unable to withstand her attack. She magically unraveled him, demonstrating a key vulnerability to reality-warping and magic that is less commonly exploited in the comics.
His intellect is presented as his defining trait. He is the one who calmly explains the concept of "incursions" to Doctor Strange, showcasing his deep understanding of multiversal mechanics. His position on the Illuminati confirms that, in his reality, he is considered one of the planet's greatest minds.
==== Equipment and Technology ====
The technology displayed by the Earth-838 Illuminati was incredibly advanced. They utilized Ultron sentries for security and possessed a teleportation platform that brought Richards to the chamber. It is implied that his intellect was instrumental in the creation of this technology, including the means by which they defeated their Thanos.
==== Personality ====
This Reed Richards projected an aura of calm, measured authority. He was paternalistic and somewhat condescending towards Strange, viewing him as a reckless amateur. His fatal flaw was a profound underestimation of his enemy. He attempted to reason with the Scarlet Witch, appealing to her as a mother, but his logical approach completely failed to grasp the depth of her grief-fueled rage and power. This highlights a classic Reed Richards trait: attempting to apply scientific logic to a problem that is fundamentally emotional and chaotic, leading to his own demise.
===== Part 4: Key Relationships & Network =====
==== Core Allies ====
  * **[[susan_storm|Susan Storm-Richards (The Invisible Woman)]]:** Sue is the absolute center of Reed's emotional universe, his wife, and the mother of his children. Their relationship is one of the most enduring and complex in Marvel Comics. Sue acts as Reed's conscience and emotional anchor, often pulling him back from the brink of his obsessive work. While Reed's emotional distance has strained their marriage to the breaking point on several occasions, their love and mutual respect have always brought them back together. She is the heart of the Fantastic Four, and Reed would be utterly lost without her.
  * **[[ben_grimm|Ben Grimm (The Thing)]]:** Ben is Reed's oldest and best friend, a relationship forged in college long before their powers. Their dynamic is defined by a deep, brotherly love often masked by comedic bickering. Ben frequently acts as Reed's reality check, providing a grounded, blue-collar perspective to Reed's high-minded scientific theories. A constant source of tension and guilt for Reed is his inability to permanently cure Ben of his monstrous condition, a promise he made on the day of their transformation and a failure that has haunted him ever since.
  * **[[johnny_storm|Johnny Storm (The Human Torch)]]:** As his brother-in-law, Reed's relationship with Johnny is often that of a long-suffering older brother. He is frequently exasperated by Johnny's impulsiveness, immaturity, and penchant for showboating. Despite this, Reed trusts Johnny's power and bravery implicitly in a crisis. He serves as a scientific mentor to Johnny, though his lessons are often met with impatience.
  * **[[franklin_richards|Franklin Richards]] & [[valeria_richards|Valeria Richards]]:** Reed's children. Franklin is an Omega-level mutant with vast reality-warping powers, a fact that both fascinates and terrifies Reed. Valeria possesses an intellect that rivals, and may one day surpass, her father's. Reed's relationship with his children is a constant struggle. He loves them deeply, but often treats them more as scientific curiosities than as children, a flaw Valeria in particular is quick to point out. His desire to protect them and foster their incredible potential led him to create the [[future_foundation]].
==== Arch-Enemies ====
  * **[[doctor_doom|Victor Von Doom (Doctor Doom)]]:** Reed Richards' one true nemesis. There is no Reed without Doom, and no Doom without Reed. They were college rivals, both brilliant but separated by ideology. Victor was obsessed with mysticism and power, while Reed focused on pure science. A lab accident that Victor blamed on Reed's sabotage left his face scarred and led to his exile, where he forged a suit of armor and became the tyrannical monarch of Latveria. Their conflict is the ultimate battle of science vs. sorcery, order vs. chaos, and ego vs. ego. Doom is the one person Reed considers his intellectual equal, and their battles are as often waged with wits and strategy as they are with fists and energy blasts.
  * **[[galactus|Galactus (The Devourer of Worlds)]]:** While not a traditional villain, Galactus represents the ultimate scientific challenge for Reed. As a fundamental force of nature, Galactus cannot simply be "defeated." When the Devourer first came to Earth, Reed was forced to outthink him, not overpower him, ultimately using the Ultimate Nullifier to threaten Galactus into a truce. This encounter transformed Reed's perspective, forcing him to accept that some forces in the universe are beyond simple morality and must be understood rather than destroyed.
  * **[[annihilus|Annihilus]]:** The insectoid ruler of the Negative Zone. Annihilus is a relentless force of destruction whose primary goal is to conquer the positive-matter universe. Since Reed discovered and opened the portal to his dimension, he has felt a personal responsibility for containing the threat of the Annihilation Wave. Annihilus represents the dark side of exploration—the dangerous and hostile forces that Reed's curiosity can unleash upon the world.
==== Affiliations ====
  * **[[fantastic_four|The Fantastic Four]]:** Reed is the founder and undisputed leader of the team. It is his family, his life's work, and the primary vehicle for his explorations. His role is that of the mission planner, strategist, and primary inventor.
  * **[[illuminati|The Illuminati]]:** Reed was a founding member of this secret cabal of the world's most powerful and intelligent heroes (along with Iron Man, Professor X, Doctor Strange, Black Bolt, and Namor). Believing they could secretly guide humanity and prevent future catastrophes, Reed made some of his most morally compromised decisions as part of this group, including the decision to exile the Hulk into space, which led to the events of //World War Hulk//.
  * **[[future_foundation|The Future Foundation]]:** An organization created by Reed after Johnny Storm's apparent death. It consists of the remaining Fantastic Four members and a hand-picked group of the world's most brilliant young minds. The Foundation embodies Reed's philosophy of using science and intellect to "solve everything" and represents his hope for the future generation of scientists and heroes.
===== Part 5: Iconic Events & Storylines =====
=== The Coming of Galactus (Fantastic Four #48-50) ===
This seminal 1966 storyline by Lee and Kirby is arguably the most important in the Fantastic Four's history. When the cosmic entity known as Galactus, the Devourer of Worlds, arrives to consume the Earth, Reed Richards is pushed to his absolute intellectual limit. He understands that a physical confrontation is futile. His arc in this story is one of desperation and discovery. He sends the Human Torch on an impossible quest across the galaxy to retrieve the Ultimate Nullifier, a weapon of unimaginable power, from the worldship of Galactus himself. The climax is not a punch-out, but a battle of wits and nerve, where Reed confronts Galactus and threatens to use the Nullifier to destroy them both, and the universe with them. This act of sheer intellectual bravery forces Galactus to relent and spare Earth. The event cemented Reed's status as a planetary protector whose greatest weapon was his mind and established the cosmic scale of the threats the Fantastic Four would face.
=== Civil War (Civil War #1-7) ===
During the Superhuman Civil War, Reed Richards took a hardline pro-registration stance, aligning himself with [[iron_man|Tony Stark]]. This became one of the most controversial periods in the character's history. Reed's logic was cold and utilitarian: superhuman conflict was causing unacceptable collateral damage, and government oversight was the only logical solution. His role was pivotal and dark. He applied his genius to the war effort, most infamously creating **Project 42**, a prison for unregistered heroes located in the Negative Zone. His most shocking act was creating a mindless, violent clone of [[thor]] from a strand of the god's hair he had collected years prior. This clone, code-named Ragnarok, went on a rampage and killed the hero Goliath, a moment that horrified many of his allies. Reed's actions during the war fractured his relationship with Sue, who left him to join Captain America's resistance, and showcased the terrifying potential of his intellect when untethered from his family's moral compass.
=== Secret Wars (2015) ===
The culmination of Jonathan Hickman's epic run on //Avengers// and //New Avengers//, this event saw the total collapse of the multiverse due to incursions. In the final moments before the end of everything, it is revealed that Doctor Doom, having stolen the power of the Beyonders, saved remnants of reality and forged a new patchwork planet called Battleworld, with himself as its god-emperor. Reed Richards survives the destruction on a "life raft" with other heroes. His arc in //Secret Wars// is one of a man who has lost everything, fighting to restore reality itself. The entire series builds to a final, epic confrontation between Reed and God-Emperor Doom. It is a philosophical and physical battle where Reed forces Doom to admit the one truth he has always denied: that Reed Richards would have done a better job with the power of a god. In the end, Reed obtains the power and, with the help of his son Franklin, rebuilds the entire Marvel Multiverse. This event was a monumental apotheosis for the character, elevating him from a super-scientist to a literal creator of reality.
===== Part 6: Variants and Alternative Versions =====
  * **The Maker (Ultimate Universe/Earth-1610):** The most significant and terrifying variant of Reed Richards. In the Ultimate Universe, a younger, more reckless Reed gains his powers alongside his friends. However, a series of catastrophic events, including the //Ultimatum// wave that devastates New York, shatters his idealism. He becomes convinced that his 616 counterpart is a failure and that humanity is a problem to be solved through absolute control. He fakes his death, adopts the moniker "The Maker," and becomes a world-conquering villain with a biologically-engineered super-intellect and a city of genetically-perfected followers. The Maker is Reed Richards without a conscience, a chilling representation of what his intellect could become without the grounding influence of his family. He has since crossed over into the main Earth-616 reality and remains a major threat.
  * **The Council of Reeds:** Introduced in Jonathan Hickman's //Fantastic Four// run, the Council is an interdimensional group of Reed Richards from across the multiverse who have banded together. They have all made a similar choice: to sacrifice their family and their world's well-being for the "greater good" of solving all problems across all realities. They operate from a city outside of space-time and possess technology beyond comprehension. When they invite the Earth-616 Reed to join them, he is horrified by their coldness and their abandonment of family, and he ultimately rejects them. The Council serves as a powerful cautionary tale, showing Reed the dark path his obsessive nature could lead him down.
  * **Earth-838 (MCU):** As detailed previously, this version from //Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness// is a member of the Illuminati. He represents a Reed who has achieved a level of success and stability that the 616 Reed often struggles for, but who became overconfident in his ability to logically manage any threat, leading to his swift and brutal death at the hands of the Scarlet Witch.
  * **2005-2007 Film Series:** Portrayed by Ioan Gruffudd in //Fantastic Four// (2005) and //Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer// (2007), this version of Reed was a more socially awkward and earnest scientist. The films focused heavily on his struggle to propose to Sue Storm and his guilt over Ben's condition, capturing the core character traits but in a lighter, more family-friendly context than many of the darker comic storylines.
===== See Also =====
  * [[fantastic_four]]
  * [[susan_storm]]
  * [[doctor_doom]]
  * [[illuminati]]
  * [[galactus]]
  * [[future_foundation]]
===== Notes and Trivia =====
((Reed Richards' name was chosen by Stan Lee to sound solid and dignified, like a movie star.))
((In the early comics, Reed's stretching was often accompanied by the sound effect "FLRBBBBT!", created by letterer Artie Simek.))
((Reed Richards holds numerous patents on his inventions, the profits from which fund the Fantastic Four's operations and make him independently wealthy. This is the in-universe explanation for how he affords the Baxter Building and his advanced laboratories.))
((His intelligence is often classified as a "super-power" in and of itself. The cosmic ray accident is sometimes theorized to have not just given him elasticity, but to have also hyper-charged his already-prodigious intellect to a superhuman level.))
((Key Reading: //Fantastic Four// #1 (First Appearance), //Fantastic Four// #48-50 (The Galactus Trilogy), //Marvel Super-Heroes Secret Wars// #1-12 (Original Secret Wars), //Civil War// #1-7 (Role in Civil War), //Fantastic Four// (1998 series) #570-588 & //FF// #1-11 (Hickman's run, intro of Future Foundation), //Secret Wars// (2015) #1-9 (Rebuilding the Multiverse).))
((A recurring character flaw explored in many comics is that Reed often fails to see simple, non-scientific solutions to problems, a blind spot that both Susan Storm and Ben Grimm frequently have to correct for him.))