对手

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对手 [2025/08/11 23:35] – created xiaoer对手 [Unknown date] (current) – removed - external edit (Unknown date) 127.0.0.1
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-====== duìshǒu: 对手 - Opponent, Rival, Competitor ====== +
-===== Quick Summary ===== +
-  * **Keywords:** opponent in Chinese, rival in Chinese, duishou, dui shou, 对手, competitor, adversary, HSK 4, Chinese vocabulary, learn Chinese +
-  * **Summary:** Learn how to say "opponent" or "rival" in Chinese with the word **对手 (duìshǒu)**. This essential HSK 4 noun is used in sports, business, and even friendly games to describe a competitor or adversary. Unlike the hostile word for "enemy," `对手` often implies a sense of respect and the idea that a good rival makes you stronger. This guide breaks down its meaning, cultural significance, and practical use with over 10 example sentences. +
-===== Core Meaning ===== +
-  * **Pinyin (with tone marks):** duìshǒu +
-  * **Part of Speech:** Noun +
-  * **HSK Level:** 4 +
-  * **Concise Definition:** A person or group that one is competing against; an opponent or rival. +
-  * **In a Nutshell:** `对手` is the most common and neutral word for anyone you compete with. Think of the other player in a chess match, the other team in a soccer game, or a competing company in the market. The core idea is competition, not necessarily hatred or ill will. In fact, having a strong `对手` is often seen as a positive thing that pushes you to improve. +
-===== Character Breakdown ===== +
-  * **对 (duì):** This character's primary meaning is "to face," "opposite," or "correct." Imagine two people standing face-to-face. +
-  * **手 (shǒu):** This simply means "hand." +
-  * The characters combine to literally mean "facing hands." This creates a powerful visual metaphor of two individuals facing each other, whether across a game board, a negotiating table, or in a martial arts stance. It perfectly captures the essence of direct opposition in a competitive setting. +
-===== Cultural Context and Significance ===== +
-  * In Chinese culture, there is a strong emphasis on the idea that challenges lead to personal growth. A worthy **对手 (duìshǒu)** is not just someone to be defeated, but someone who provides the necessary challenge for self-improvement. There's an old saying, **棋逢对手 (qí féng duìshǒu)**, which means "to meet one's match in chess." It's used to express the joy of finding a competitor who is your equal, making the game meaningful and exciting. +
-  * This contrasts with the more black-and-white Western concept of an "enemy." A **对手 (duìshǒu)** is fundamentally different from an **敌人 (dírén - enemy)**. You compete with a `对手`; you seek to destroy an `敌人`. You can respect, admire, and even be friends with your `对手`. This relationship highlights the value placed on the process of competition itself, not just the outcome of winning. A good rival is a blessing, not a curse. +
-===== Practical Usage in Modern China ===== +
-  * `对手` is a versatile word used in many modern contexts. Its connotation is generally neutral but can be colored by the situation. +
-  * **In Sports & Games:** This is the most frequent use. It refers to the person or team you are playing against. +
-    * Connotation: Neutral, respectful. +
-  * **In Business:** It refers to a rival company or competitor in the marketplace. +
-    * Connotation: Neutral, but can feel more serious and intense. +
-  * **In Politics:** It describes a political opponent or a rival party. +
-    * Connotation: Neutral to slightly negative, depending on the political climate. +
-  * **Figuratively:** It can be used to describe an abstract challenge. A common motivational phrase is "我们最大的对手是自己" (wǒmen zuìdà de duìshǒu shì zìjǐ), meaning "Our biggest opponent is ourselves." +
-===== Example Sentences ===== +
-  * **Example 1:**  +
-    * 我们在决赛中的**对手**很强。 +
-    * Pinyin: Wǒmen zài juésài zhōng de **duìshǒu** hěn qiáng. +
-    * English: Our opponent in the final is very strong. +
-    * Analysis: A classic example in a sports context. The tone is neutral and factual. +
-  * **Example 2:**  +
-    * 这家公司是我们最主要的竞争**对手**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zhè jiā gōngsī shì wǒmen zuì zhǔyào de jìngzhēng **duìshǒu**. +
-    * English: This company is our main business rival. +
-    * Analysis: Here, `竞争 (jìngzhēng - competition)` is added to clarify the context, but `对手` alone would also be understood. +
-  * **Example 3:**  +
-    * 他是我一生中最重要的**对手**，也是我最好的朋友。 +
-    * Pinyin: Tā shì wǒ yīshēng zhōng zuì zhòngyào de **duìshǒu**, yěshì wǒ zuì hǎo de péngyǒu. +
-    * English: He is the most important rival of my life, and also my best friend. +
-    * Analysis: This sentence perfectly captures the cultural nuance of respecting one's rival. +
-  * **Example 4:**  +
-    * 我的下一个**对手**是去年的冠军。 +
-    * Pinyin: Wǒ de xià yí gè **duìshǒu** shì qùnián de guànjūn. +
-    * English: My next opponent is last year's champion. +
-    * Analysis: A common way to talk about opponents in a tournament or series of matches. +
-  * **Example 5:**  +
-    * 不管**对手**是谁，我们都要全力以赴。 +
-    * Pinyin: Bùguǎn **duìshǒu** shì shéi, wǒmen dōu yào quánlì yǐ fù. +
-    * English: No matter who the opponent is, we must give it our all. +
-    * Analysis: A motivational sentence often used by coaches or team captains. +
-  * **Example 6:**  +
-    * 我们最大的**对手**其实是自己。 +
-    * Pinyin: Wǒmen zuìdà de **duìshǒu** qíshí shì zìjǐ. +
-    * English: Our biggest opponent is actually ourselves. +
-    * Analysis: This shows the figurative use of `对手` to represent an internal or abstract challenge. +
-  * **Example 7:**  +
-    * 在商场上，没有永远的朋友，也没有永远的**对手**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Zài shāngchǎng shàng, méiyǒu yǒngyuǎn de péngyǒu, yě méiyǒu yǒngyuǎn de **duìshǒu**. +
-    * English: In the business world, there are no permanent friends, nor permanent rivals. +
-    * Analysis: A common saying that reflects the fluid nature of business relationships. +
-  * **Example 8:**  +
-    * 我们要认真研究**对手**的战术。 +
-    * Pinyin: Wǒmen yào rènzhēn yánjiū **duìshǒu** de zhànshù. +
-    * English: We need to seriously study our opponent's tactics. +
-    * Analysis: Demonstrates how `对手` is used in strategic planning. +
-  * **Example 9:**  +
-    * 他太厉害了，简直找不到**对手**。 +
-    * Pinyin: Tā tài lìhài le, jiǎnzhí zhǎo bú dào **duìshǒu**. +
-    * English: He's too skilled, he simply can't find a match/opponent. +
-    * Analysis: The phrase `找不到对手 (zhǎo bú dào duìshǒu)` is a common way to say someone is "unmatched" or "in a league of their own." +
-  * **Example 10:**  +
-    * 他为了打败**对手**，不择手段。 +
-    * Pinyin: Tā wèile dǎbài **duìshǒu**, bùzéshǒuduàn. +
-    * English: In order to defeat his opponent, he resorted to unscrupulous means. +
-    * Analysis: This example shows how the context can give `对手` a more negative and intense feeling, even though the word itself is neutral. +
-===== Nuances and Common Mistakes ===== +
-  * **`对手 (duìshǒu)` vs. `敌人 (dírén)` - Opponent vs. Enemy** +
-    * This is the most critical distinction for a learner to make. +
-    * **`对手` (duìshǒu):** An opponent or rival in a competition (game, sport, business). The relationship is defined by competition, and can include respect. +
-    * **`敌人` (dírén):** An enemy, typically in a conflict, battle, or war. The relationship is defined by hostility, hatred, and the desire to harm or destroy. +
-    * **Incorrect Usage:** //"In the tennis match, he is my 敌人."// +
-    * **Why it's wrong:** A tennis match is a competition, not a war. Your partner on the other side of the net is your `对手`. Calling him your `敌人` would sound absurdly aggressive and inappropriate. +
-  * **`对手` is not just "the other guy"** +
-    * While `对手` translates to "opponent," it often implies a sense of being a "match" for you. It's not just some random person you're competing against, but someone who can genuinely challenge you. This is why the idiom `棋逢对手` (to meet one's match) uses this word. It carries more weight than just "the person on the other team." +
-===== Related Terms and Concepts ===== +
-  * `[[敌人]] (dírén)` - The antonym. An enemy, implying hostility and conflict. +
-  * `[[竞争]] (jìngzhēng)` - To compete; competition. This is the //action// you engage in with a `对手`. +
-  * `[[比赛]] (bǐsài)` - A match, game, or contest. This is the //event// where you face a `对手`. +
-  * `[[挑战]] (tiǎozhàn)` - To challenge; a challenge. What you might issue to or receive from a `对手`. +
-  * `[[棋逢对手]] (qí féng duìshǒu)` - An idiom meaning "to meet one's match." It highlights the positive cultural view of having a worthy `对手`. +
-  * `[[冤家]] (yuānjia)` - A rival or nemesis, but often with a fated, personal, or even half-joking "frenemy" connotation. Much more informal and emotional than `对手`. +
-  * `[[敌手]] (díshǒu)` - A synonym for `对手`, but it is slightly more formal and can feel more intense, closer to "adversary." `对手` is far more common in everyday conversation.+